The Renaissance 1300-1600

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The Renaissance1300-1600
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Italy

• Humanism
• Secular themes
• Change from medieval
• Classical beliefs
• Individualism
• Talents
• Education
• Humanities
• Literature
• Sonnets
• Machiavelli
• The prince
• Revolutionary thought
• Moral compromise
• Scholars
• Question/Challenge everything
• Church?

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Italy, contd.

• Society
• Wealth and ability
• Bankers become most powerful
• Upper class
• Hierarchy
• Bankers
• Merchants
• Artisans Shopkeepers
• Working Poor
• Peasants

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Italy, contd.

• Government
• City-states
• Loose confederation
• Signori
• Authoritarian style
• Military
• Condottieri
• Result?
• Diplomacy
• Ambassadors
• Balance of Power

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Italy, contd

• Florence
• Medici family
• Pro-humanist
• Savonarola
• Rejection of worldly
• Not so happy ending
• Rome
• Rebuilt by Popes
• Scholars
• St. Peters Basilica

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Italy, contd.

• Venice
• Major trading port
• International link for Italy
• Political stability
• Doge
• Republican style government

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Yes, more Italy(Yawn)

• The Arts
• Architecture
• Classical style
• Comfort and Beauty
• Credit
• Sculpture
• Focus on lively activities
• Painting
• Human emotion
• Lighting
• Perspective
• Leonardo da Vinci
• Mona Lisa
• Last Supper
• Women
• Access?

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Values

• Humanism
• Potential and achievements
• Based on Greek Values
• Importance of the humanities
• History
• Philosophy
• Literature

• Worldly Pleasures
• End of modesty to show faith
• Wealthy enjoy luxuries
• Secular society
• People concerned with here and now
• Affects all of society

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Supporting the Arts

• Church leaders spend large amounts of money on
  arts
• Beautify cities
• Patrons
• Financially support artists
• Merchants and Wealthy families

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Gender Roles

• Renaissance Man
• Universal Man
• Excel in all areas
• Baldassare Castiglione
• The Courtier
• Explains all the qualities that a Renaissance man
  should have

• Renaissance Woman
• Well educated
• Inspiration of art not creators of art

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The Great Four

• Leonardo
• True Renaissance Man
• Inventor, painter, sculptor, scientist
• Mona Lisa, Last Supper
• Michelangelo
• Painter, sculptor
• David, Sistine Chapel

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The Great Four, contd.

• Raphael
• Focuses on realism
• Uses facial expressions in paintings
• School of Athens
• Donatello
• Sculptor
• Human and Equestrian works

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Writing

• Vernacular
• Use of native language instead of Latin
• Purpose?
• Self-expression
• Portray individuality

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Spreading the Word

• Ideas
• Gutenberg
• Moveable type printing press
• Bible (1454)
• Literacy rates increase
• Prevent errors

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The Renaissance Spreads

• France
• Chateaux
• Mix of styles
• Northern Europe
• Christian Humanism
• Religious tone
• Seek reform
• Erasmus
• Critical views
• The Praise of Folly
• Makes fun of higher society
• Believed people should study the Bible
• Painting
• Medieval style

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Renaissance Abroad

• England
• Starts much later
• Henry VII invites scholars
• Social issues
• Thomas More
• Utopia (Christian Humanism)
• Shakespeare
• Legends, mythology, history
• Universal human qualities
• Relevance

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Protestant Reformation

• Criticisms of the Catholic Church
• Leaders were corrupt
• Extravagant spending
• Pursuing worldly affairs
• Having illegitimate children
• People call for reforms

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Protestant Reformation, contd.

• Martin Luther Challenges the Church
• Catholic Monk and teacher (University of
  Wittenburg)
• Criticizes Church Officials
• Selling of indulgences
• Buying way into Heaven
• 95 theses
• List of criticisms
• Copied and spread through Europe
• Begins Reformation movement

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Luthers Teachings

• Salvation by faith in Gods forgiveness
• Church Teachings should be based on the words of
  the bible
• All people of Faith are equal
• People do not need priests to interpret the bible
  for them

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Response

• Pope Leo X
• excommunicates Luther (1520)
• Holy Roman Emperor Charles V
• Wants Luther tried as a heretic
• Luther and followers separate from Catholic
  Church
• Creates Lutheranism
• Peasant Revolt (Germany)
• Raid Monasteries through countryside
• German Princes
• Protest Catholic Church
• Creation of Protestantism
• Christians who are non-Catholic

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Protestantism in England

• Henry VIII (King of England)
• Devout Catholic
• Political problem
• Needs Male Heir
• Has one daughter with wife
• Wants to divorce and remarry to have son
• Church does not allow for divorce

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Solution?

• Henry VIII makes himself head of Englands Church
• Act of Supremacy
• Death for Treason
• Wives
• 2 Anne Bolyn
• Daughter, Elizabeth
• 3 Jane Seymour
• Son, Edward
• Marries three more times

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Heirs to the Throne

• Henrys Legacy
• Edward VI becomes king at 9 y/o
• England stays Protestant
• Dies after six year rule
• Bloody Mary
• Returns England to Catholic Rule
• Executes Protestants
• Elizabeth
• Executes Mary
• Returns Kingdom to Church of England