Nails, Moles, Warts, Skin Cancer, Birthmarks, and Wrinkles

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Nails, Moles, Warts, Skin Cancer, Birthmarks,
and Wrinkles
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Nails

• Nails are made of keratin (like hair!)
• Nails grow under the cuticle at the nail base.
• Extra keratin is added to the nail in the nail
  matrix.
• Nails grow 0.5mm each week. Fingernails grow
  faster than toe nails.

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Common Nail Problems

• Ingrown Nail when the nail curves down and into
  the skin, causing pain, and sometimes infection
• Nail Injury when you drop something on your nail
  a bruise may appear under it the nail may fall
  off, but a new one will grow

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• Nail Deformity when the nail isnt smooth on the
  surface.
• Hangnail when a loose strip of dead skin hangs
  from the edge of a fingernail

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Moles

• A mole is a flat or raised mark that varies in
  shape, colour and texture.
• It is the overproduction of skin pigment cells
  (melanocytes).
• Most people have between 10 20.
• Moles may become malignant and pose health risks.
  They should be seen by a doctor.

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Warts

• Warts are a small growth caused by a viral
  infection of the Human Papilloma Virus (HPV)
• Causes the overgrowth of epidermal cells.
• Excess cells are pushed upward and cause a lump.
  Planters warts, on peoples feet, are flat and
  can cause pain.

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Skin Cancer

• Basal Cell Carcinoma fast dividing cells in the
  base of the epidermis are damaged by UV exposure
  and begin multiplying out of control. Stays in
  epidermis.
• Malignant Melanoma radiation damage to
  pigment-producing cells. A dark mass forms and
  some cells break into the dermis and travel in
  the blood to other locations.

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Birthmarks

• unusual patterns of capillaries (red)
• heavily pigmented or bumpy layers of skin
• some disappear and some can be removed
• most are harmless

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Wrinkles

• small folds in the skin that occurs as skin ages
• skin loses elasticity and does not snap back into
  place
• long exposure to sun and wind can cause wrinkles
  to occur quickly

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Interesting Facts

• Your skin weighs between 2.5-3.5 kg (about 10
  lbs)
• You have the same number of hair follicles as a
  chimpanzee
• Men and women have about the same number of hair,
  but female is finer

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• Fingerprints were first used in a criminal
  investigation in 1880 by Henry Faulds, a Scottish
  medical missionary. The identity of a thief who
  had been drinking purified alcohol from the
  dispensary was confirmed by a greasy fingerprint
  on a bottle.