Cell Organelles

1
Cell Organelles

• Eukaryotic Cells

2
The levels of organization from simplest to most
complex are

• Cells
• Tissues
• Organs
• System
• Organism

3
Cells

• The basic unit of structure and function in the
  human body
• Though all cells perform the processes that keep
  humans alive, they also have specialized
  functions as well.
• Examples may be nerve cells (neurons), blood
  cells, and bone cells.

4
Tissues

• A group of specialized cells that work together
  to perform the same function.
• Examples include nerve, muscle, and epithelial
  tissue.

5
Organs

• A group of two or more different types of tissue
  that work together to perform a specific
  function.
• The task is generally more complex than that of
  the tissue.
• Examples of organs include the heart, brain,
  liver, spleen, lungs, stomach, pancreas, and
  kidneys

6
Organ Systems

• A group of two or more organs that work together
  to perform a specific function.
• Each organ system has its own function but the
  systems work together and depend on one another.
• Examples of different organ systems in the human
  body include circulatory, digestive, immune,
  nervous, reproductive, respiratory, and skeletal
  system.

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Cell Parts

• Cells the basic unit of life
• Organelles - small structures inside a cell with
  specific functions.

Analogy City of Rocklin
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A) Cell Membrane
Cell membrane

1. Function Regulates materials entering and
   exiting the cell.
2. Structure Two layers of phospholipids, proteins

Analogy City limits
9
B) Cytoplasm
Cytoplasm

• Function All cell contents that lie between the
  cell membrane and the nucleus. (organelles
  cytosol)
• a. Cytosol liquid portion/non-organelles.
• Structure made up of fluid and organelles except
  for nucleus

Analogy All air, water, life that are in
Rocklin, except City Hall
10
C) Nucleus
Nucleus

1. Function Control Center. Regulates DNA RNA
   actions.
2. Structure membrane bound, contains DNA

Analogy City Hall
11
D) DNA Deoxyribonucleic acid
DNA (chromatin)

1. Function information on how to make proteins.
2. Structure Made up of nucleotides, locked in the
   nucleus

Analogy The Laws or City Code
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E) Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)
Rough ER
Smooth ER

• Function Transportation route for proteins.
• Rough ER has ribosomes
• Smooth ER no ribosomes
• Structure tubes and channels

Analogy Roads Sidewalks
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F) Ribosomes
Ribosomes
Free Ribosomes

1. Function Makes proteins.
2. Structure small circular organelles

Analogy Restaurants, Factories, Builders.
14
G) Vacuoles
Vesicles

1. Function Storage for water, nutrients or waste.
   
2. Structure small membrane-bound organelle.

Analogy Grocery stores, water tanks.
15
H) Lysosomes
Lysosomes

1. Function packets of enzymes that break down
   materials in a cell.
2. Structure Small membrane-bound organelles

Analogy Recycling center
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I) Mitochondria
Mitochondria

1. Function Produce energy for the cell site of
   cellular respiration. The Powerhouse
2. Structure Double membrane-bound, kidney shaped.

Analogy PGE
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J) Golgi Apparatus
Golgi Apparatus

• Function Packages, labels and ships proteins
  out of the cell.
• Structure Pancake-shaped layered organelle

Analogy Post Office
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K) Cytoskeleton
Microfilaments
Microtubules

1. Function Provide support and structure for the
   cell.
2. Structure Tubules

Analogy Wood, cement, steel beams
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L) Chloroplasts (Plants only)
Chloroplasts

1. Function site of photosynthesis (converting sun
   and CO2 into sugar).
2. Structure Membrane bound organelles that contain
   chlorophyll

Analogy Solar Panels
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M) Cell Wall (Plant cells only)
Cell Wall

1. Function Provides support for the cell and the
   plant.
2. Structure Made of cellulose

Analogy ground, rock wall