Language Types

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Language Types

• Were going to look at two types of language

figurative language
and literal language
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Figurative vs. Literal

• To understand

figurative language

• one has to understand the difference between

figurative
and literal
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More on Literal

• To be literal is to mean what you say.

For example
If I tell you to sit down, I mean it literally
sit down, as in sit in your seat now, please.

• My meaning is exactly what I say.

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and more on Literal
Heres another example.
Im tired and going home.
This means Im tired and Im going home there
is no other meaning other than what is said.

• I mean exactly what I say.

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2nd Figurative

• To be figurative is to not mean what you say but
  imply something else.

For example
If, I tell you lets go chill!

• Im not suggesting we get into the freezer.

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Figurative continued
lets go chill
means lets relax together and do something fun.

• It has nothing
• to do with temperature.

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Figurative vs. Literal

• Confused?
• Think of it this way
• Literal as exactly what you mean.
• Figurative as meaning something else.

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Why Figurative Language?

• Also known as descriptive language, or poetic
  language, figurative language helps the writer
  paint a picture in the readers mind.

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Again Figurative Language

• Figurative Language does not always mean what is
  being said or read, but serves to make it more
  interesting.

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Six Techniques of Figurative Language

• There are six techniques that were going to
  look at, and yes, youll need to learn all six.

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Six Techniques of Figurative Language

• You will need to
• understand them
• identify them as you read

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Types of Figurative Language

• Simile
• Metaphor
• Alliteration
• Personification
• Hyperbole
• Onomatopoeia
• S.M.A.P.H.O.

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Simile

• A figure of speech that compares two unlike
  things, using the words like or as.
• Example The muscles on his brawny arms are as
  strong as iron bands.

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Simile

• More examples of similes
• She is like a rainy day.
• He is as busy as a bee.
• They are like two peas in a pod.
• The metal twisted like a ribbon.

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Important!

• Using like or as doesnt make a simile.
• A comparison must be made.
• Not a Simile I like pizza.
• Simile The moon is like a pizza.

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Metaphor

• A figure of speech that compares two unlike
  things without using like or as. You simply
  state one thing is another thing.
• Example The road was a ribbon wrapped through
  the dessert.

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Metaphor

• More examples of metaphors
• She is a graceful swan.
• He is a golden god.
• They are honey from the honeycomb.

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• Brian was a wall, bouncing every
• tennis ball back over the net.
• This metaphor compares Brian to a wall because
  __________.
• a. He was very strong. b. He was very
  tall. c. He kept returning the balls. d. His
  body was made of cells.

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• We would have had more pizza to eat if
• Tammy hadnt been such a hog.
• Tammy was being compared to a hog because she
  __________.
• a. looked like a hog b. ate like a hog c.
  smelled like a hog d. was as smart as a hog

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• Cindy was such a mule. We couldnt
• get her to change her mind.
• The metaphor compares Cindy to a mule because
  she was __________.
• a. always eating oats b. able to do hard
  work c. raised on a farm d. very stubborn

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• The poor rat didnt have a chance. Our old cat,
  a bolt of lightning, caught his prey.
• The cat was compared to a bolt of lightning
  because he was _______.
• a. very fast b. very bright
• c. not fond of fleas d. very old

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• Even a child could carry my dog,
• Dogface, around for hours. Hes
• such a feather.
• This metaphor implies that Dogface
• a. is not cute b. looks like a bird
• c. is not heavy d. can fly

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Alliteration

• Repeated consonant sounds occurring at the
  beginning of words or within words.
• Example She was wide-eyed and wondering while
  she waited for Walter to waken.

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Alliteration

• More examples of alliteration
•    Sally Sells Seashells By The Sea Shore
•    Rolling, Racing, Roaring, Rapids            

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Alliteration

•   Tongue twisters are generally alliterations.
• For example  Busy batters bat baseballs by
  bases.
• "Peter Piper picked a peck of pickled peppers."

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Personification

• A figure of speech which gives the qualities of a
  human to non-human things (an animal, an object,
  or an idea).
• Example The wind yells while blowing."
• The wind cannot yell. Only a living thing can
  yell.

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Personification

• More examples of personification

• The leaves danced in the wind

The heat ripped the breath from her lungs.
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Personification

• Hunger sat shivering on the road.
• The streets are calling me.
• Flowers danced about the lawn.
• The water on the lake shivered.

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Personification

• The sleeping water reflected the evening sky.
• Humidity breathed in the girl's face and ran its
  greasy fingers through her hair.
• The tree arrested the oncoming car.

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Hyperbole

• An exaggerated statement used to impress or
  stress something. It is not used to mislead the
  reader, but to emphasize a point.
• Example Shes said so on several million
  occasions.

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Hyperbole
Take for example

• He never speaks to her.
• Never? That is a very long time.
• Hyperbole means to exaggerate.

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Hyperbole
Hyperbole example

• We have a ton of work.
• A ton is a lot of work. A ton is also two
  thousand pounds.

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Hyperbole
Hyperbole example

• I ate two thousand pounds of pasta.
• Two thousand pounds is also known as a ton, this
  person must be really obese.

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Hyperbole
Hyperbole example

• I told you a million times.
• I dont mind repeating myself, but a million
  times? Thats a lot.

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Onomatopoeia

• The use of words that mimic sounds.
• Example The firecracker made a loud ka-boom!

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Onomatopoeia

• The formation or use of words such as buzz,
  murmur or boo that imitate the sounds associated
  with the objects or actions they refer to.

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Onomatopoeia

• Examples of the onomatopoeia
• Bang, went the gun!
• Swoosh went the basketball
• through the hoop.

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Onomatopoeia in practice

• Onomatopoeia is the use of words whose sounds
  make you think of their meanings. 
• For example buzz, thump, pop.
• Many comic strips use onomatopoeia. 

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Onomatopoeia
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Weve looked at

• Literal vs. Figurative

Remember Real vs. Imaginary
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Discussion Questions

• What types of figurative language is used in Call
  of the Wild? Find at least 2 examples and explain
  what types of figurative language it is and how
  the use impacts the story.

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Figurative Language Resources

• Eye on Idioms (Online PPT)
• Paint by Idioms (Game)
• Alliteration or Simile? (Quiz)
• Similes and Metaphors (PPT)
• The Search for Similes, Metaphors, and Idioms
  (PPT)
• Alliteration (PPT)
• Onomatopoeia (PPT)
• Personification (PPT)
• Hyperbole  (PPT)
• Idioms (PPT)
• Simile (PPT)

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Teaching Similes and Metaphors

• Alliteration Lesson Plan and Resources
  http//volweb.utk.edu/Schools/bedford/harrisms/1al
  litera.htm
• Hyperbole- Lesson Plans and Resources
  http//volweb.utk.edu/Schools/bedford/harrisms/10l
  esson.htm
• Idiom Lesson Plan http//volweb.utk.edu/Schools/be
  dford/harrisms/6lesson.htm
• Imagery- Lesson Plans and Resources
  http//volweb.utk.edu/Schools/bedford/harrisms/ima
  gery2.htm
• Lesson Plan for Puns http//volweb.utk.edu/Schools
  /bedford/harrisms/5lesson.htm
• Onomatopoeia- Lesson Plans and Resources
  http//volweb.utk.edu/Schools/bedford/harrisms/9le
  sson.htm
• Personification Lesson Plans and Resources
• http//volweb.utk.edu/Schools/bedford/harrisms/7le
  sson.htm
• Proverbs- Lesson Plans and Resources
  http//volweb.utk.edu/Schools/bedford/harrisms/pro
  verbs2.htm