Canada

1
Canadas Mineral Wealth
2
Mining

• Questions relating to Canadas Mineral Wealth
  Lecture
• What kinds of rock minerals/metals do we find
  here in Canada?
• Where are these rocks found in Canada why in
  those locations?
• How valuable is mining to Canadas economy?

3
Mining

• Do you have some Canadian mining products with
  you today?
• Check your pocket for coins
• Are you wearing any nylon or fleece?
• Do those clothes contain zippers?

4
Mining
Mining is the process of extracting minerals from
rocks
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Mining
Minerals are divided into 3 categories in Canada
1. Metallic yielding metals
2. Fossil fuels release energy when burned
3. Industrial minerals (also known as
non-metallic minerals) useful materials made
from rock
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Metallic Minerals
gold bars
Copper Ore
Zinc ore
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Fossil Fuels
Coal
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Industrial Minerals (non-metalic minerals)
asbestos
diamonds
gypsum
salt
gravel
potash
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Minerals Mined in Canada by Type   Metallic
Mineral Fossil Fuels Industrial/
non-metallic cobalt coal
asbestos copper natural gas
building stone gold
oil clay products iron
oil sands diamonds lead
gravel nickel
gypsum platinum
potash silver salt uranium
sand zinc
soapstone
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Where do we mine in Canada (Location)
Examine figure 26-5 on page 330 in your textbook.
Choose the 3 most important provinces for each of
the following
Metallic minerals Fossil Fuels Industrial
minerals

1. Western Cordillera
2. Appalachians
3. Canadian Shield

1. Interior Plains
2. Great-Lakes
3. Hudson bay lowlands
4. Appalacians

1. All landform regions

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Geological map of Canada
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(No Transcript)
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How Important is Mining to Canadas Economy?

• Value of Minerals Produced in Canada in 2008
• Metals - 66 657 413 (or 66 billion dollars)
• Non-metals - 18 724 515 (or 18 billion
  dollars)
• Fuels - 217 701 259 ( or 217 billion dollars)
• Total of all three 455 billion dollars !
• Most valuable minerals produced
• gold,uranium (2nd in world) and nickel
  (metallic)
• Potash (1st in world), diamonds gravel
  (non-metallic)
• Oil and coal (fuel)

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How Important is Mining to Canadas Economy?

• Canadas international mining trade, accounting
  for 19.2 percent of Canadas domestic exports in
  2009.
• Toronto is generally viewed as the mining finance
  capital of the world (Torontos Stock Exchange
  has lots of mining companies on their market
  index).

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How Important is Mining to Canadas Economy?

• Canada continues to be the worlds leader in the
  production (by volume) of potash, and it ranks in
  the top five countries for the production of
  aluminium, cobalt, molybdenum, nickel, platinum
  group metals, salt, titanium concentrate, uranium
  and zinc.
• Canada ranks second in the world in value of
  diamond production

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How Valuable is Mining to Canada?
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What is this missing?
Fossil Fuels
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Number of Canadians working
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Number of Canadians working

• 307 000 people directly employed in mining and
  mineral processing accounted for 2.1 percent of
  Canadas total employment
• 2009 average weekly earnings of people working
  directly in the mines processing is 1,056.
  Weekly earnings in the Canadian economy averaged
  823.

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Steps to Mining in Canada
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Before we start to mine Step One High-tech
prospecting
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Before we start to mine Step One High-tech
prospecting
Map produced after doing an airborne geo-magnetic
survey
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Before we start to mine Step Two Sampling,
Drilling Assaying
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Step 3 How Do We Mine? Pg 334

• Strip Mining
• mine oil sand (bitumen), coal and other minerals
  located in the top layers near the surface
• Open Pit Mining
• mine minerals found near surface of earth, but
  also may extend deep into the ground
• Gravel, rock, diamonds, metallic minerals
• Underground Mining
• extract mineral ores vanes within earth
• Nickel in Sudbury, coal in N.S., Gold in Timmins

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How Do We Mine?
Underground Potash Mining
Mining Machines video
http//www.youtube.com/watch?vqA64vYy9ZK0
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Issues faced by Canadas Mining Industry
Read Challenges for Canadas Mining
Industry(pg 338-339) and determine the
challenges the mining industry faces in Canada
and group them into the 2 columns below.
Natural Environment Human Environment

• Acid Rain (Precipitation) caused by..

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Implications of Mining
Read Challenges for Canadas Mining
Industry(pg 338-339) and determine the
challenges the mining industry faces in Canada
and group them into the 2 columns below.
Natural Environment Human Environment

• Environmental controls
• -destroy habitats, clear cutting, animal
  extinction
• -develop new technologies to improve efficiency
• -by products of mining unclean
• -harmful to environment
• -global warming
• -new and improved uses of minerals
• -more uses more reasons to mine?

• Land claims of First Nations
• -who owns the land who profits?
• -Increase processing and manufacturing of
  minerals in Canada
• -boom and bust nature of mining
• -what happens to mining towns when mind closes?

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To prepare for tomorrows class, please read the
following case study, to familiarize yourself
with the issue beforehand
Diamond Mining Canadas New Boom Industry
Page 342-347 Do Questions sheet called Ekati
Mine Reflection