Unit 3: Hardware Components

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Unit 3 Hardware Components Software Concepts

• Intro to Digital Technology
• HARDWARE CONCEPTS

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GPS Standard

• IT-IDT-4 Identify, describe, evaluate, select,
  and use appropriate technology.
• IT-IDT-5 Understand, communicate, and adapt to a
  digital world.

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What is a computer?

• Electronic device that accepts, processes,
  produces results, and stores data
• Data
• Collection of unprocessed items
• Text, numbers, images, audio, and video
• Information
• Conveys meaning and is useful
• Ex. Data is input to create a grade report

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Information Processing Cycle
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Components of a Computer

• Hardware
• Electric, electronic, and mechanical components
• Input devices
• Output devices
• System unit
• Storage devices
• Communications devices

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Input Devices

• Any hardware component that allows you to enter
  data and instructions into a computer
• Keyboard
• Mouse
• Microphone
• Scanner
• Digital camera
• Web cam

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Output Devices

• Any hardware component that conveys information
  to one or more people
• Printer
• Monitor
• Speakers
• Portable media player

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System Unit

• A case that contains electronic components of the
  computer used to process data

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Motherboard

• Sometimes called system board
• Main circuit board of the system unit
• Many electronic components are attached to the
  motherboard
• Expansion slots
• Processor chips
• Memory slots

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Processor or CPU

• Interprets and carries out the basic instructions
  that operate a computer

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Processor

• Control Unit
• Component of processor that directs and
  coordinates operations
• Like a traffic cop it interprets each
  instruction issued by a program and then
  initiates the appropriate action to carry out the
  instruction

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System Clock

• Controls the timing of all operations
• Clock speed
• Pace of clock
• Gigahertz (GHz) one billion ticks of the system
  clock per second
• Faster clock speedmore instructions the
  processor can execute per second
• Does the system clock keep track of current date
  and time?
• First computers 30 MHz
• Current 3 GHz

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Comparison of Processors

• Leading chip manufacturers
• Intel
• AMD (Advanced Micro Devices)
• IBM
• Motorola
• Todays high performance PCs Intel Core
• Less expensive PCs Pentium or Celeron

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Processors

• Multi-core processor
• Single chip with 2 or more processors
• Dual-core 2 separate processors
• Quad-core 4 separate processors
• Increases overall performance
• Especially noticeable when running multiple
  programs
• Email, antivirus software, spyware remover, IM,
  media player, CD burning software, and photo
  editing software

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Memory

• Store instructions, data needed by those
  instructions, and the results of processed data
• One or more chips on motherboard
• Stores 3 basic categories
• Operating system
• Application programs
• Data being processed by
• application programs

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Byte

• Character, basic storage unit of memory
• Each byte has an address
• Unique number that identifies the location of the
  byte in memory

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Memory Sizes
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RAM

• Random access memory
• Temporary memory
• More information processed more RAM needed
• Volatile loses its contents when power is
  removed
• Examples
• Operating system interface
• Browser windows
• Paint program
• More RAM faster response from computer

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Cache

• Pronounced cash
• Temporary storage for faster viewing
• Ex. Web pages, images, media

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ROM

• Read-only memory
• Permanent storage
• Non-volatile not lost when power is removed
• Cannot be modified
• Ex. ROM chips in printers contain data for fonts
• Ex. When your system boots up

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Flash Memory

• Nonvolatile
• Fast
• Examples
• Downloading music on iTunes to your iPod
• Storing phone numbers on your phone
• Pagers
• Digital cameras

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Expansion Slots/Adapter Cards

• Motherboard
• To enhance functions or provide connections to
  devices

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Ports
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Connectors
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4 Components of a Computer

• Input
• Storage
• Processing
• Output