Water Distribution Systems

1
Water Distribution Systems

• Pressures
• Locating Reservoirs
• Location in Ground

2
Obj 3.16 Min and Max Pressures

• minimum and maximum pressures are established for
  a water distribution system
• minimum pressure is 350 kPa or about (50 psi)
• maximum pressure is 760 kPa or about (110 psi)

3
Why a Max?

• To minimize damage to
• household piping
• hot water tanks
• faucets tap washers
• piping, valves, and hydrants
• A lot of water can be lost through leaks in
  system.

4
Why a Min?

• To ensure pressure is maintained
• during peak usage by consumers
• for fire-fighting
• for modern appliances (washers, dishwashers)

5
Obj 3.17 Reservoirs

• provides water storage
• creates pressure in system if elevated
• provides extra water during peak demand
• additional water for fire-fighting if needed

6
Types of Reservoirs

• elevated storage
• ground storage
• below-grade storage

7
Locating Reservoirs

• Locating storage in remote location causes large
  pressure differences

8
Locating Reservoirs

• Locating storage in central location reduces
  pressure differences

9
Where do we put the pipes?

• most of the pipelines are located within the
  public right-of-way
• under our streets, sidewalks, etc.
• this way we can have easy access to the pipes if
  anything needs repair or replacing
• sometimes water mains must pass through private
  property

10
Obj 3.18 How Deep??

• below frost line to prevent freezing
• above stormwater and sanitary sewers to avoid
  contamination