Transformations Around the Globe

1
Transformations Around the Globe

• 1800-1914
• Ch 28

2
China Resists Outside Influence

• Sec 1

3
Chinese Resistance to the West

• Out of cultural pride, the Chinese looked down on
  all foreigners
• In 1793, the Qing emperor agreed to receive an
  ambassador from England
• The Englishman brought all kinds of gifts like
  clocks, musical instruments and even a hot-air
  balloon but the emperor was not interested
• The Chinese had everything they needed

4
Chinese Self-sufficiency

• China was able to reject the west because they
  were largely self-sufficient
• Chinas agricultural economy was healthy enough
  to feed their large population
• Quick growing strains of rice grew throughout the
  southern part of the country
• Maize, sweet potatoes, and peanuts introduced by
  the Spanish and Portuguese increased productivity
  of the land

5
(No Transcript)
6
Other Resources

• Other resources included an extensive mining and
  manufacturing industry
• Salt, tin, silver and iron mines produced great
  quantities of ore
• The Chinese also produced beautiful silks,
  cotton, and fine porcelain

7
(No Transcript)
8
(No Transcript)
9
Opium

• Because of their self-sufficiency, the Chinese
  had little interest in trading with the West
• European merchants who had been looking for a
  product to sell the Chinese began selling opium,
  a highly addictive drug made from the poppy plant

10
(No Transcript)
11
Where is most of the opium in the world grown
today?
12
(No Transcript)
13
(No Transcript)
14
Opium

• Chinese doctors had been using opium to relieve
  pain for hundreds of years
• In the late 1700s English merchants began
  smuggling the drug in for nonmedical use
• By 1835, there were as many as 12 million Chinese
  people addicted to opium

15
(No Transcript)
16
(No Transcript)
17
(No Transcript)
18
(No Transcript)
19
The Opium War

• The Qing emperor pleaded with Queen Victoria to
  stop the opium trade but Britain refused
• The Opium War- conflict between Britain and China
  lasting from 1839-1842 over Britains opium trade
  in China

20
(No Transcript)
21
(No Transcript)
22
Effects of Opium War

• Humiliating defeat for the Chinese
• Treaty if Nanjing
• Britain gained the island of Hong Kong
• Extraterritorial Rights- foreigners were not
  subject to Chinese law at 5 Chinese ports

23
(No Transcript)
24
Internal Problems

• Population- by 1850, China had 430 million people
• Food production- not keeping up with population
  growth
• Opium addiction grew as problems increased
• People began to challenge the Qing Dynasty

25
The Taiping Rebellion

• Taiping Rebellion- mid 19th century rebellion
  against the Qing Dynasty
• The rebellion was led by Hong Xiuquan
• Hong raised an army of nearly 1 million and took
  control of large parts of southeastern China
  before the rebellion failed
• 20-40 million people were killed

26
Sphere of Influence

• As China weakened many foreign nations took
  advantage and attacked
• After each conflict treaties gave more economic
  control to each nation
• Sphere of Influence- area in which a foreign
  nation controls trade and investment

27
Map
28
Open Door Policy

• The US was afraid that other countries would soon
  divide China into formal colonies and they would
  be left out
• Open Door Policy- policy proposed by the US in
  1899 under which all nations would have an equal
  chance to trade

29
(No Transcript)
30
Rise of Chinese Nationalism

• Humiliated by their losses, many Chinese pressed
  for strong reforms
• Qing officials saw this as a threat to their
  power and reversed any reforms

31
Boxer Rebellion

• Boxer Rebellion- a 1900 revolt in China,
  nationalist movement aimed at ending foreign
  influence in the country
• Poor peasants and workers resented the special
  privileges given to foreigners
• Secret group called the Society of Righteous and
  Harmonious Fists or Boxers

32
Boxer Rebellion

• In the Spring of 1900 the Boxers descended on
  Beijing shouting Death to foreign devils
• The surrounded the European section of the city
  for several months but were eventually defeated
  by an multinational force

33
(No Transcript)
34
(No Transcript)
35
Effects of the Boxer Rebellion

• The rebellion failed but a strong sense of
  nationalism grew amongst the people in China
• The government finally realized they needed to
  reform

36
Modernization in Japan

• Sec 2

37
What was the Japanese feudal system?
38
Background

• In the early 17th century Japan shut itself off
  completely from other nations
• Under the rule of the Tokugawa shoguns, society
  was very tightly ordered
• Shogun parceled out land to daimyos
• Peasants worked for and lived under the
  protection of the daimyo and his samurais

39
Demand for Foreign Trade

• Like China, Japan repeatedly refused to trade
  with the West
• In 1853, Commodore Matthew Perry took 4 ships
  into Tokyo Harbor
• Perry brought a letter from President Fillmore,
  politely asking for trade with Japan
• Perry said he would be back in a year with a
  larger fleet for the reply

40
Perrys Ships
41
Treaty of Kanagawa

• Treaty of Kanagawa- opened two Japanese ports to
  the US in 1854
• Important because it opened the door for other
  countries as well

42
Meiji Restoration

• Meiji Restoration- period of modernization and
  industrialization in Japan
• The Meiji Emperor realized that the best way to
  counter western influence was to modernize
• The Japanese then chose what they thought to be
  the best that Western civilization had to offer
  and adapted it to their own country

43
(No Transcript)
44
Germany

• From Germany, the Japanese took their strong
  centralized government and strong army
• Used the German constitution as a model for their
  own

45
Britain

• From Britain the Japanese imitated the skill of
  their navy

46
United States

• From the United States the Japanese imitated the
  public education system
• Teachings included foreign experts
• Students also went abroad to study

47
Industrialization

• Japanese economy quickly became as modern as any
  in the West
• Built thousands of miles of railroads
• Coal production
• Large state supported companies built thousands
  of factories

48
What is the geography of Japan like?
49
(No Transcript)
50
Imperial Japan

• As Japan grew more powerful, their feeling of
  strength and equality with Western nations grew
• As they grew stronger they became more
  imperialistic

51
Sino-Japanese War

• In 1876, Japan forced Korea to open 3 ports for
  trade
• In 1894, China sent troops to Korea to stop a
  rebellion
• Japan saw this as a threat and attacked China

52
(No Transcript)
53
(No Transcript)
54
(No Transcript)
55
(No Transcript)
56
Effects of the Sino-Japanese War

• The Sino-Japanese War gave Japan a foothold in
  Manchuria and its first colonies
• Japan emerge as a major power in East Asia

57
Why do you think modern China is an ally with
North Korea?
58
(No Transcript)
59
Russo-Japanese War

• 2 majors powers in East Asia were Russia and
  Japan
• They both competed over resources in Manchuria
• When the Russians refused to stay out of Korea
  the Japanese launched a surprise attack on the
  Russian fleet

60
(No Transcript)
61
(No Transcript)
62
(No Transcript)
63
(No Transcript)
64
(No Transcript)
65
(No Transcript)
66
Port Arthur
67
(No Transcript)
68
(No Transcript)
69
(No Transcript)
70
(No Transcript)
71
(No Transcript)
72
(No Transcript)
73
(No Transcript)
74
(No Transcript)
75
(No Transcript)
76
Effects of the Russo-Japanese War

• Russian fleet was destroyed
• Japan gained more territory
• Humiliating defeat for Russia
• Russian Revolution
• Occupation of Korea

77
Occupation of Korea

• Japan grabbed more and more power in Korea until
  they finally annexed it in 1907
• Brutal rulers
• Shut down Korean newspapers and schools
• Replaced Korean studies with Japanese history
• Took land from Koreans to give to Japanese
  settlers
• Forbid Koreans to go into business

78
Why was the Russo-Japanese war so surprising to
the rest of the world?
79
(No Transcript)
80
(No Transcript)
81
(No Transcript)
82
What are the long term effects of the Meiji
Restoration?
83
US Economic Imperialism

• Sec 3

84
How did the Meiji Restoration lead to Japanese
imperialism?

• Warm Up

85
Latin America after Independence

• New nations were in shambles
• Cities were destroyed
• Farms had been neglected
• Political independence meant little for most
  Latin Americans

86
Colonial Legacy

• Rich got richer, poor got poorer
• Rich landowners controlled all the land
• Many army leaders that led the independence
  movement continued to assert their power
• Caudillos- military dictators

87
Caudillos

• Faced little opposition
• No experience with democracy

88
Economy

• Latin American economies grew as technology
  developed
• Refrigeration
• Foreign nations benefited far more from trade
  than Latin America did
• Remained largely unindustrialized

89
Outside Investment

• Latin American nations did not use their export
  money to build roads, hospitals, or schools
• Often borrowed money with high interest rates to
  fund their export facilities
• When they couldnt pay foreign companies took
  over the industries

90
Monroe Doctrine

• Monroe Doctrine- document issued by James Monroe
  stating that Latin America is not to be
  considered as subjects for colonization
• Warning for Europe to stay out of the Americas

91
Spanish-American War

• Spanish American War- 1898 war in which the
  United States gained the Philippines, Puerto
  Rico, Guam, and Cuba from Spain

92
Panama Canal

• Panama was a province of Colombia
• When Colombia refused to sell the canal zone, the
  US supported a revolution in Panama
• The Panamanians won their independence and gave a
  10 mile wide strip of the country to the US in
  gratitude

93
(No Transcript)
94
Panama Canal

• Panama Canal- allows sea transport between the
  Atlantic and Pacific Ocean, opened in 1914

95
Importance of the Canal

• Latin America became a crossroads of the world
• United States controlled the tollgate

96
Roosevelt Corollary

• Roosevelt Corollary- gave the United States the
  right to be an international police power

97
Turmoil and Change in Mexico
98
Santa Anna

• During the 1800s, Mexican politics was dominated
  by Antonio Lopez de Santa Anna

99
Texas

• In the 1820s, Mexico encourage Americans to move
  into Texas
• In 1835, Stephen Austin encouraged Texans to
  revolt after Mexico would not grant them greater
  self-government
• Texas gained independence after the Alamo and Sam
  Houstons victory at the Battle of San Jacinto

100
Benito Juarez

• After the fall of Santa Anna, social reformer,
  Benito Juarez came to power
• La Reforma- Juarezs plan to redistribute land
  and increase education for the poor

101
Porfirio Diaz

• After Juarezs death in 1872, a new caudillo,
  Porfirio Diaz came to power and essentially ended
  the reforms

102
Revolution

• In the early 1900s, Mexicans began to protest
  Diazs harsh rule
• Mexicos revolution began in different parts of
  Mexico
• Leaders like Francisco Madero supported
  democratic reforms

103
Pancho Villa

• In northern Mexico, Panco Villa used his private
  army to lead Robin Hood style attacks against the
  rich giving their money to the poor

104
Emiliano Zapata

• In southern Mexico, Emiliano Zapata, raised a
  powerful army to return land to peasants and
  small farmers

105
(No Transcript)