Los Cognados y Cognados Falsos

1
Los Cognados y Cognados Falsos

• Cognates and False Cognates

2
Nouns

• Many Spanish nouns can easily be converted into
  English nouns.
• English nouns and Spanish nouns ending in -or
  are very often identical.
• 1. -or -or
• English Spanish
• actor actor
• color color
• doctor doctor
• director director

3
Nouns

• English nouns and Spanish nouns ending in -al
  are often identical.
• 2. -al -al
• English Spanish
• animal animal
• general general
• hospital hospital
• manual manual
• moral moral

4
Nouns

• Many English nouns ending with -ist, can be
  converted into Spanish nouns by changing to
  -ista.
• 3. -ist ? -ista
• English Spanish
• artist
• list socialist
  tourist

artista
lista
socialista
turista
5
Nouns

• 4. -ism ? -ismo
• English Spanish
• idealism
  realism
  mechanism optimism
  organism

idealismo
realismo
mechanismo
optimismo
organismo
6
Nouns

• 5. -nce ? -ncia
• English Spanish
• abundance abundancia
• arrogance
• experience patience
  intelligence

arrogancia
experiencia
paciencia
inteligencia
7
Nouns

• 6. -ty ? -dad
• English Spanish
• activity actividad
• curiosity
  electricity identity
  university

curiosidad
electricidad
identidad
universidad
8
Nouns

• 7. -tion ? -ción
• English Spanish
• association asociación
• combination combinación
• condition condición
• exemption exempción
• instruction instrución

9
Nouns

• English nouns ending with -y often correspond
  to Spanish
• nouns ending with -ía, ia, or io.
• 8. -y ? '-ía', '-ia', or '-io'
• English Spanish
• agency agencia
• agony agonía
• battery batería
• family familia
• history historia
• salary salario
• testimony testimonio
• dictionary diccionario

10
Adjectives

• Like nouns, many English adjectives can be
  converted into Spanish simply by changing the
  word ending. Here are some useful rules.
• 1. -ive ? ivo
• English Spanish
• active activo
• decisive decisivo
• festive festivo
• effective efectivo
• indicative indicativo

11
Adjectives

• 2. -al -al
• English Spanish
• brutal brutal
• usual usual
• local local
• criminal criminal
• natural natural

12
Adjectives

• 4. -ic ? -ico
• English Spanish
• magnetic magnético
• fantastic fantástico
• electric eléctrico
• artistic artístico
• automatic automático

13
Adjectives

• 5. -ble -ble
• English Spanish
• admirable admirable
• impossible imposible
• terrible terrible
• favorable favorable
• notable notable

14
Adjectives

• 6. -nt ? -nte
• English Spanish
• ignorant ignorante
• convenient conveniente
• prudent prudente
• important importante
• triumphant triunfante

15
Adjectives

• 7. -id ? -ido
• English Spanish
• stupid estúpido
• lucid lúcido
• splendid espléndido
• candid cándido
• solid sólido

16
Adjectives

• 8. -ile ? -il
• English Spanish
• agile ágil
• fragile frágil
• mobile móvil
• juvenile juvenil
• automobile automóvil

17
Adjectives

• 9. -ary ? -ario
• English Spanish
• arbitrary arbitrario
• ordinary ordinario
• imaginary imaginario

18
Adverbs

• In English, "-ly" combines with many adjectives
  to form adverbs.
• In Spanish, "-mente" combines with (feminine)
  adjectives to form Spanish adverbs.
• -ly ? -mente
• English Spanish
• absolutely absolutamente
• normally normalmente
• naturally naturalmente
• finally finalmente
• correctly correctamente
• exactly exactamente
• evidently evidentemente
• difficultly dificilmente

19
False Cognates

• Many words appears to be similar in English and
  Spanish, but do not have the same meaning. These
  are called false cognates. Below are a few
  examples of false cognates.
• 1.) embarazada pregnant Does not mean
  embarrassed.
• embarrassed avergonzado
•  
• 2.) bizarro brave valiant Does not mean
  strange or bizarre
• strange bizarre extraño raro
• 3.) asistir to attend Does not mean to
  assist
• to assist ayudar (to help)
• 4.) éxito success Does not mean exit
• exit salida
•  
• 5.) fábrica factory Does not mean fabric
• fabric tejido