Key Terms

1
Key Terms Latin American Growth

• Cash crop economy
• General Santa Anna
• The Alamo
• Benito Juarez
• Maximilian
• Porfirio Diaz
• Pancho Villa
• Emiliano Zapata

• Venestriano Carranza

2
Factors Preventing Unity

• As the countries in Central and South America
  began to grow, attempts to unify were thwarted
  for many reasons.
• 1. Geography
• 2. Economic Ideals
• 3. Class Differences
• 4. Politics

3
Geography

• The geography of South America played an
  important role in preventing unification.
• The Andes Mountains and the Amazon Rainforest
  prevented any countries from communicating
  effectively.
• This led to each country developing in a
  completely different manner.

4
Economics

• Separation led to the development of different
  economic ideals.
• Many countries operated on cash-crop economies ?
  economies in which one or two crops are the sole
  source of income for a country.
• The fact that not all of the South American
  countries bought into the cash crop economy led
  to further separation.

5
Class Differences

• Many of the South American countries differed in
  terms of which classes were dominant.
• Creoles dominated many of the political systems
  within each country, hence they held a majority
  of the land and refused to redistribute.
• Legal systems within many countries reinforced
  the strength of many of these creoles.
• Would lead to revolts within these countries
  causing instability that prevented unification.

6
Political Differences

• Considering the strength of the creoles, in many
  cases revolts occurred changing the political
  structures of these countries.
• Caudillos rose to power in some countries due to
  the discontent with the upper classes and the
  need for stability.
• The fact that some countries were run by
  dictators and others were not also prevented
  unification.

7
Mexico

• General Santa Anna ? ruled Mexico and presided
  over the greatest loss of Mexican territory in
  its history.
• Republic of Texas would ask for independence
  leading to the occupation of the Alamo ? a fort
  in San Antonio, TX.
• General Sam Houston would liberate the fort.
• General Santa Anna would be deposed for losing
  large amounts of territory to America.

8
Benito Juarez

• - Would be the first Native American elected
  president of Mexico.
• - Napoleon III would attempt to exert control
  over Mexico by installing Maximilian as ruler of
  Mexico
• - Maximilian would be removed from power shortly
  after his arrival.
• - Juarez would be re-elected and would bring
  reforms to encourage the separation of church and
  state.

9
Porfirio Diaz

• - Caudillo who came into power in 1877.
• - Took over the lands of the citizens and either
  sold it or rented it to others.
• - Many would be unable to pay debts and live
  lifestyles similar to those of serfs.
• - Diaz would be forced into exile in 1911 after
  election fraud.
• - He would die in exile in 1915.

10
Pancho Villa (1877-1923)

• - Used the peasant class to ascend to power.
• - Led a large land redistribution program.
• - Marched on Columbus, New Mexico and was soundly
  routed and chased back to Mexico.
• - Would be assassinated in 1923 by leaders who
  feared his resurgence.

11
Emiliano Zapata

• - Native American general in control of an army
  in Southern Mexico.
• - Would play a major role in the Mexican
  Revolution provided Francisco Madero with
  military support during his campaign to rule
  Mexico.
• - Would be ambushed by generals sent by
  Venestriano Carranza

12
Venestriano Carranza

• - Major figure during the Mexican Revolution.
• - Became President of Mexico during the mid
  1910's.
• - Would largely fail to provide the reforms he
  promised, including land redistribution.
• - Would be killed in an ambush by a former
  general of his.