Egypt

1
Chapter 5.3

• Egypts Empires

2
Golden Age

• A new dynasty of pharaohs came to power
• Moved the capital to Thebes
• Started a period of peace and order called
• The Middle Kingdom
• Lasted from 2055 B.C. to 1650 B.C.

3
Conquests

• Controlled Nubia
• Expanded to present-day Syria

4
The Arts Flourish

• Arts and Architecture thrived during the Middle
  Kingdom
• Painters decorated the walls of tombs and temples

5
Sculptors

• Carved hunting, fishing, and battle scenes on
  large stone walls

6
Statues of Pharaohs

• Statues of the Pharaohs, showing them as humans
  rather than gods

7
Architecture

• Pharaohs no longer had pyramids built
• Tombs were cut into limestone cliffs

8
The Hyksos

• Hyksos invaded Egypt
• Had horse drawn chariots
• Fought with sturdy weapons made of bronze and iron

9
Ahmose

• Ahmose formed an army and drove the Hyksos out of
  Egypt in 1550 B.C.

10
Building an Empire

• Ahmose founded a new dynasty.
• Started the New Kingdom
• Lasted from 1550 B.C. to 1070 B.C.
• No longer isolated
• Benefited from spread of goods, ideas, and
  cultures

11
A Woman Pharaoh

• Hatshepsut became pharaoh after husbands death
• Dressed in male pharaohs clothes
• Wore a false beard
• Built temples
• Restored monuments
• Tomb in Valley of the Kings

12
Growth of Trade

• Hatshepsut was more interested in promoting trade
  that starting wars

13
Items Traded

• Egyptian traders exchanged beads, metal tools,
  and weapons for gold, ivory, ebony wood, and
  incense

14
Phoenicians

• Egyptians valued WOOD products
• Traded with Phoenicians
• Lived in present-day Lebanon
• Invented alphabet
• Writing system
• Encouraged the spread of goods and ideas called
  cultural diffusion

15
Trade and Politics

• Egyptians traded wheat, paper, gold, copper, tin
  and tools to the Phoenicians for purple dye, wood
  and furniture

16
Political Ties

• Developed ties with Babylonian Empire in
  Mesopotamia
• Mittani in Syria
• Hittite Empire in Anatolia

17
Expanding the Empire

• When Hatshepsut died, Thutmose III became pharaoh
• Thutmose was a strong leader and general
• Expanded Egypt north to the Euphrates River
• Conquered Nubia
• Empire was wealthy
• Captured and enslaved many prisoners of war

18
Two Unusual Pharaohs

• Amenhotep IV tried to make dramatic changes
• Tutankhamen, was very young

19
A Religious Founder

• Amenhotep IV and wife, Nefertiti tried to change
  Egypts religion
• Feared priests were becoming too powerful
• Felt threatened by their power
• Started a new religion
• Worship one god, Aton, the sun god
• Religion was rejected by most
• Weakened Egypt
• Lost most of land to invaders

20
Who was King Tut?

• King Tutankhamen
• Became pharaoh at 10 years old
• Restored polytheistic religion of many deities
• Died unexpectedly
• History Teachers King Tut
• http//www.youtube.com/watch?vcAQyFO_fPmM

21
King Tuts Tomb

• Tomb discovered in 1922
• By Howard Carter
• Contained the pharaohs mummy and many treasures
  including a gold mask

22
Recovery and Decline

• Ramses II
• Most successful of pharaohs
• Also called Ramses the Great
• Conquered Canaan
• Fought the Hittites
• Ramses and the Hittite King signed a peace treaty

23
Age of Temples

• Ramses reigned 66 years
• devoted himself to peaceful activities
• Built the temple of Karnak

24
Why Did Egypt Decline?

• Pharaohs fought costly wars
• Armies from eastern Mediterranean attacked Egypt
• Libyans conquered Egypt
• People of Kush seized power
• In 670 B.C. taken over by the Assyrians
• From Messopotamia