Constitutionalism in England 1603-1689

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Constitutionalismin England1603-1689
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Tudors

• War of Rosesaristocracy fought over who would
  control the monarchy
• Henry VIII r.1509-1558strengthened power of
  monarchy, lots of wives, created Anglican Church
• Queen Elizabeth r. 1558-1603 (daughter of king
  and Anne Boleyn and nicknamed the Virgin Queen)
  very able and practical ruler, used the prospect
  of marriage to create political alliances. Kept
  Mary (her half sister) Queen of Scots locked up
  because she thought Mary was plotting against
  her. Mary was the rightful heir to the throne
  after Elizabeth.

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• Act of Supremacy 1559 repealed all
  anti-Protestant legislation of Mary and gave
  Elizabeth supreme rights over spiritual affars
• Puritans gave her trouble, wanted to reform the
  church but Elizabeth wouldnt have it

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• Treaty of Berwick 1586 Elizabeth entered a
  defensive alliance w/Scotland and recognized
  James, Marys son (protestant) as the rightful
  heir to the throne
• 1588Philip IIs Spanish Armada was defeated-this
  was the greatest achievement of her reign
• English Renaissance happened during her reigion
  (Shakespeare)
• 1587, Elizabeth ordered the execution of Mary,
  Queen of Scots

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James I of England1603-1625 (aka James VI of
Scotland)

• 1st thing he told ParliamentDo not try to
  challenge me
• King has the power to dismiss Parliament but
  Parliament has control of revenuesthis will be a
  constant battle in the coming years
• Puritans were more demanding of reforms, many
  left to found a colony in MA

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Charles I

• Politically inept
• Parliament would only grant him customs duties
  for one year instead of the life of the monarch
  which was tradition
• Due to military failures, he asked Parliament for
  more --they didnt give it to him
• Parliament forced him to sign Petition of
  Rightsno w/out consent of Parliament, no
  imprisonment w/out just cause, no martial law
  against citizens

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• Charles dissolves Parliament and rules 11 years
  w/out them, collecting ship money
• When he tried to impose religious changes on the
  Scots, they rebelled. Charles called back
  Parliament to ask for (Short Parliament)they
  said no
• He called them again (Long Parliament), they gave
  him a list of grievances called Grand
  Remonstrance Charles fled

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English Civil War

• Roundheads vs. Cavaliers
• Oliver Cromwell supported Parliament, and with
  his New Model Army, captures Charles I
• Rump Parliament (all Presbyterians removed)
  condemned Charles and he was executed

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Oliver Cromwell1649-1660

• Known as The Commonwealth
• Military dictatorship, he was Lord Protector
• Had religious troubles to deal with
• Parliament was difficult to control

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Charles II

• Church of England restored as official church but
  signed a secret treaty w/France in which he
  agreed to make England Catholic
• Parliament grew suspicious of Charles and passed
  the Test Act of 1673only Anglicans could hold
  public office

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James II1685-1688

• Catholic
• Repealed the Test Act
• He appeared to champion religious toleration but
  this was deceptivehe really wanted to bring back
  royal absolutism
• He fathered a child which made Parliament
  nervousthey didnt want to continue w/Catholic
  kings

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Glorious Revolution

• Political elite invited William of Orange and
  Mary to take over the throne. They had to sign
  the Bill of Rights, recognizing the supremacy of
  Parliament and agree to other acts (Act of
  Toleration, Mutiny Act, Act of Settlement, Act of
  Union)