Infectious Disease in Mesa County

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Infectious Disease in Mesa County

• Plague
• West Nile Virus
• Colorado Tick Fever
• Hantavirus

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Plague

• Bacteria Yersinia pestis
• Flea bite (78),Direct animal contact (20),
  Aerosolized animal Urine/Feces (2)
• Human cases
• April-November (93)
• Increased activity of fleas and hosts

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Types

• Bubonic Plague 80-90 of cases
• Signs Fever, malaise, chills, headache, Bubos
  and possibly vomiting, abdominal pain, nausea,
  petechiae
• Septicemic Plague- Systemic spread
• Signs Similar to bubonic, plus Prostration,
  circulatory collapse, septic shock, organ
  failure, hemorrhage, Necrosis of extremities,
  Microthrombi blocking capillaries
• Pneumonic Plague
• Incubation 1-6 days
• Primary - Y. pestis inhaled
• Secondary - septicemic form spreads
• Signs Fever, chills, headache, septicemia
  Respiratory distress, hemoptysis
• Person-to-person possible

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Treatment Prevention

• With early treatment Survival 100
• Supportive treatment
• Antibiotics treatment
• Aminoglycosides
• Streptomycin, kanamycin
• Doxycycline, tetracycline, chloramphenicol
• Penicillins and cephalosporins are NOT effective

• Dont handle dead animals
• Report animal die-offs
• Rodent-proof home
• Use insect repellent
• Treat pets for fleas
• Treat rodent sites
• Take pet to vet if symptoms develop
• Redness or swelling around mouth
• See a health care provider if human symptoms
  develop

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The West Nile Virus

• Flavivirus-a virus, NOT a bacteria. Antibiotics
  are ineffective.
• Infects humans, birds, mosquitoes, horses and
  other mammals
• Ecology Transmission
• Culex species(43 species) of mosquito is cause of
  human cases.
• Isolated number of cases from ticks
• Human Disease
• Incubation 3-14 days
• 80 asymptomatic or mild flu-like illness
• 20 develop sudden fever, weakness, headache,
  myalgia, nausea, vomiting
• Symptoms last 3-6 days in mild cases
• Severe illness develops in less than 1 (1150)
  infected with the neurological component-
  Encephalitis (meningoencephalitis)

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Incidental hosts
Humans, horses, and other animals
Amplifying hosts Birds
Vectors
Culex sp., Aedes sp., Ochlerotatus sp.
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Prevention Protection

• Eliminating larval habitats
• Tires, bird baths, containers, rain gutters,
  unused swimming pools
• Avoid mosquito habitats during dawn and dusk when
  they are most active
• Adjust watering times and sprinkler heads to
  prevent water pooling

• Reduce time outdoors
• Especially evening hours
• Wear long pants and sleeves
• Use mosquito repellent
• 30 DEET, Picaridin, or
• Oil of Lemon Eucalyptus
• Do not use DEET on
  your animals- check with a vet.
• Make sure all window screens are intact
• Use yellow bug light bulbs in outdoor light
  fixtures

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Mosquito Control

• Mesa County Health Department
• Larviciding outside of district boundaries
• FREE larvicide samples for home use
• Grand River Mosquito Control District
• Expanded control area
• Increased staff and budget
• City of Grand Junction
• Treating catch basins
• Treating ponds and drainage areas

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Colorado Tick Fever

• Most common tick-borne disease in Colorado
• Caused by virus
• Maintained in rodent-tick cycle
• Transmitted by bite of infected tick
• Attached for several hours to transmit enough
  virus to cause illness

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Symptoms Treatment

• Fever
• Headache
• Body aches
• Nausea
• Abdominal pain
• Lethargy

• Currently no treatment
• Treat symptoms
• Recovery will take 2-3 weeks
• Not life threatening
• Infection produces life-long immunity

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Hantaviruses

• A viral hemorrhagic fever
• Hantavirus Pulmonary Syndrome (HPS)
• Hemorrhagic Fever with Renal Syndrome (HFRS)
• Recent Cases
• Four Corners Outbreak
• May 2003 Montana, 3 cases

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Deer Mouse Peromyscus maniculatus
L.L. Masters
Cotton Rat Sigmodon hispidus
House Mouse Mus musculus
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Transmission of Hantaviruses
Chronically infected rodent
Horizontal transmission of infection between same
species by contact
Virus is present in aerosolized excreta,
particularly urine
Secondary aerosols, mucous membrane contact, and
skin breaches are also a consideration
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Signs

• Incubation period 14-17 days
• Early stage Fatigue, fever, myalgia, headache
  and lasts 3-5 days
• Later stage 4 to 10 days after initial signs
• Coughing and shortness of breath
• Rapidly progressive, non-cardiogenic pulmonary
  edema and severe hypotension
• Hospitalization and ventilation required usually
  within 24 hours
• Patients can recover with early supportive care

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Prevention

• Limit exposure to mouse excrement
• Control rodents indoors
• Control rodents outdoors
• Use safety precautions when cleaning rodent
  infested areas
• Minimize your exposure when enjoying outdoor
  activities
• Prevent access to food sources
• Keep food preparation and cooking areas clean
• Cover pet and human food overnight
• Store garbage in tightly covered or elevated
  container
• Rodent trapping

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Internet Resources

• CDC All About Hantavirus
• www.cdc.gov/ncidod/diseases/hanta/hps/noframes/phy
  s/clinical.htm
• CDC Infectious Disease Pathology Activity
• www.cdc.gov/ncidod/diseases/hanta/hps/noframes/pri
  ntgenlsection.htm
• CDC - Plague information
• www.bt.cdc.gov/agent/plague/index.asp
• CDC - Division of Vector-borne Infectious
  Diseases
• www.cdc.gov/ncidod/dvbid/index.htm
• Mesa County Health Department Website
• http//health.mesacounty.us/