Minerals

1
CHAPTER
NEW CHAPTER
Minerals
Minerals are basic building blocks of Earth.
2.1
Minerals are all around us.
2.2
A mineral is identified by its properties.
2.3
Minerals are valuable resources.
2
Minerals are all around us.
2.1
mineral
element
crystal
CHAPTER RESOURCES
SECTION OUTLINE
3
Minerals are all around us.
2.1
mineral
chlorine
element
crystal
sodium
halite
CHAPTER RESOURCES
SECTION OUTLINE
4
mineral
2.1
Minerals are all around us.
mineral
element
crystal
A substance that forms in nature, is a solid, has
a definite chemical makeup, and has a crystal
structure.
CHAPTER RESOURCES
KEY CONCEPT SUMMARY
5
element
2.1
Minerals are all around us.
mineral
element
crystal
A substance that cannot be broken down into a
simpler substance by ordinary chemical changes.
An element consists of atoms of only one type.
CHAPTER RESOURCES
KEY CONCEPT SUMMARY
6
crystal
2.1
Minerals are all around us.
mineral
element
crystal
A solid substance in which the atoms are arranged
in an orderly, repeating, three-dimensional
pattern.
CHAPTER RESOURCES
KEY CONCEPT SUMMARY
7
A mineral is identified by its properties.
2.2
streak
luster
Mineral Properties
cleavage
wulfenite
fracture
color
orange
streak
white
density
luster
nonmetallic
hardness
cleavage
yes
density
6.9
hardness
3
CHAPTER RESOURCES
SECTION OUTLINE
8
streak
2.2
A mineral is identified by its properties.
streak
luster
The color of a mineral powder left behind when a
mineral is scraped across a surface a method for
classifying minerals.
cleavage
fracture
density
hardness
CHAPTER RESOURCES
KEY CONCEPT SUMMARY
9
luster
2.2
A mineral is identified by its properties.
streak
luster
The property of a mineral that describes the way
in which light reflects from its surface. Major
types of luster are metallic and nonmetallic.
cleavage
fracture
density
hardness
CHAPTER RESOURCES
KEY CONCEPT SUMMARY
10
cleavage
2.2
A mineral is identified by its properties.
streak
luster
The property of a mineral that describes its
tendency to break along flat surfaces.
cleavage
fracture
density
hardness
CHAPTER RESOURCES
KEY CONCEPT SUMMARY
11
fracture
2.2
A mineral is identified by its properties.
streak
luster
The tendency of a mineral to break into irregular
pieces.
cleavage
fracture
density
hardness
CHAPTER RESOURCES
KEY CONCEPT SUMMARY
12
density
2.2
A mineral is identified by its properties.
streak
luster
A property of matter representing the mass per
unit volume.
cleavage
fracture
density
hardness
CHAPTER RESOURCES
KEY CONCEPT SUMMARY
13
hardness
2.2
A mineral is identified by its properties.
streak
luster
The resistance of a mineral or other material to
being scratched.
cleavage
fracture
density
hardness
CHAPTER RESOURCES
KEY CONCEPT SUMMARY
14
Minerals are valuable resources.
2.3
Minerals have many uses.
magma
lava
Technology
ore
Industry
CHAPTER RESOURCES
copper
Arts
SECTION OUTLINE
15
Minerals are valuable resources.
2.3
Methods of mineral formation within Earth and at
the surface
magma
lava
ore
CHAPTER RESOURCES
SECTION OUTLINE
16
magma
2.3
Minerals are valuable resources.
magma
lava
Molten rock beneath Earths surface.
ore
CHAPTER RESOURCES
KEY CONCEPT SUMMARY
17
lava
2.3
Minerals are valuable resources.
magma
lava
Molten rock that reaches a planets surface
through a volcano.
ore
CHAPTER RESOURCES
KEY CONCEPT SUMMARY
18
ore
2.3
Minerals are valuable resources.
magma
lava
A rock that contains enough of a valuable mineral
to be mined for a profit.
ore
CHAPTER RESOURCES
KEY CONCEPT SUMMARY
19
2.1
Minerals are all around us.
I. Minerals are all around us.
mineral
A. Minerals have four characteristics.
element
1. Formed in Nature
crystal
2. Solid
3. Definite Chemical Makeup
4. Crystal Structure
B. Minerals are grouped according to composition.
CHAPTER RESOURCES
KEY CONCEPT SUMMARY
20
A mineral is identified by its properties.
2.2
II. A mineral is identified by its properties.
streak
A. A minerals appearance helps identify it.
luster
1. Color and Streak
cleavage
2. Luster
fracture
B. The way a mineral breaks helps identify it.
density
1. Cleavage
hardness
2. Fracture
C. A minerals density and hardness help identify
it.
1. Density
CHAPTER RESOURCES
2. Hardness
D. Some minerals have special properties.
KEY CONCEPT SUMMARY
21
Minerals are valuable resources.
2.3
III. Minerals are valuable resources.
magma
A. Minerals have many uses in industry.
lava
B. Minerals have many uses in the arts.
ore
C. Minerals form in several ways.
D. Many minerals are mined.
1. Surface Mining
2. Deep Mining
CHAPTER RESOURCES
KEY CONCEPT SUMMARY
22
Image Gallery
CHAPTER HOME
Click on the icons to see a larger image or
animation.
23
Image Gallery
CHAPTER HOME
BACK TO IMAGE GALLERY
24
Image Gallery
CHAPTER HOME
BACK TO IMAGE GALLERY
25
Image Gallery
CHAPTER HOME
BACK TO IMAGE GALLERY
26
Image Gallery
CHAPTER HOME
BACK TO IMAGE GALLERY
27
Image Gallery
CHAPTER HOME
BACK TO IMAGE GALLERY
28
Image Gallery
CHAPTER HOME
BACK TO IMAGE GALLERY
29
Image Gallery
CHAPTER HOME
BACK TO IMAGE GALLERY
30
Image Gallery
CHAPTER HOME
BACK TO IMAGE GALLERY
31
Chapter Resources
CHAPTER HOME
Image Gallery Click here to review chapter
images and animations
Review Game Play a fun interactive review game
Animations Link to all the McDougal Littell
Science animations
Click on the items below to access resources on
Resource Centers Get more information on select
science topics
Audio Readings Hear chapter audio readings
Content Review Review key concepts and
vocabulary
Standardized Test Practice Practice state
standardized tests
Math Tutorial Review math concepts
BACK TO CHAPTER