Chapter 10: China

1
Chapter 10China
2
(No Transcript)
3
PEOPLE / SOCIAL ISSUES

• 1.What is the Population of China?

4
PEOPLE / SOCIAL ISSUES

• 1.What is the Population of China?
• Over 1.3 billion people - 1/5th of the worlds
  population

5
PEOPLE / SOCIAL ISSUES

• 2. Population Growth Rate 1.1
• 582 million in 1953
• 850 million in 1976
• 1.3 billion today
• Rapidly growing population

6
PEOPLE / SOCIAL ISSUES

• 3. Where do most of the Chinese people live?

7
PEOPLE / SOCIAL ISSUES

• 3. Where do most of the Chinese people live?
• On the eastern side of China
• 62 in rural areas and 38 urban
• But a serious urbanization movement migration
  (China Blue)

8
PEOPLE / SOCIAL ISSUES

• 3. Where do most of the Chinese people live?
• Why move to cities?

9
PEOPLE / SOCIAL ISSUES

• 4. Population is a serious issue for Chinese
  Policy makers.
• 1965 Mao said that an ever expanding population
  is a good thing.

10
PEOPLE / SOCIAL ISSUES

• 4. Population is a serious issue for Chinese
  Policy makers.1974 Mao denounced Pop. Control
  as more Imperialistic Tools to weaken
  developing countries

11
PEOPLE / SOCIAL ISSUES

• 4. Maos successors realized the danger pop.
  growth was consuming ½ of annual increase in GDP

12
PEOPLE / SOCIAL ISSUES

• 4. In late 1970s, new pop policy called
  Two-Child Family with govt services like birth
  control, education and abortions reduced birth
  rate

13
PEOPLE / SOCIAL ISSUES

• 4. 1979, Deng Xiaoping sets out One Child
  Policy with incentives and penalties to limit
  families to 1 child.

14
PEOPLE / SOCIAL ISSUES

• 4. One Child Policy incentives encourage
  later marriages, free contraceptives, abortions
  and sterilization more accepted in urban areas

15
PEOPLE / SOCIAL ISSUES

• 4. One Child Policy Penalties steep fines
  for more than 1 child and loss of privileges for
  violators

16
PEOPLE / SOCIAL ISSUES

• 4. 1 Couple 1 Child
• Explain
• How did that work out for China?

17
PEOPLE / SOCIAL ISSUES

• 5. 1 Couple 1 Child
• Pros more stable pop. Growth
• reduced fertility rate
• 1971 women had 5.4 kids on average and now in
  2004 it was down to 1.7 kids
• 21st century projection for decrease in
  population

18
PEOPLE / SOCIAL ISSUES

• 4. 1 Couple 1 Child Cons
• Rise in female infanticide
• Disproportionate of males to females
• Harder for males to find wives
• Fewer sons to care for aging parents in
  traditional role

19
PEOPLE / SOCIAL ISSUES

• 4. 1 Couple 1 Child Status Today
• Relaxed in rural areas but back in 2002
• Officially banned BUT NOT really as many local
  political leaders are still held accountable for
  the population in their area

20
PEOPLE / SOCIAL ISSUES

• 5. What else has China done about its pop
  problems?
• 2004 banned selective abortions of female
  fetuses
• BUT folks still want their boys!

21
PEOPLE / SOCIAL ISSUES

• 5. What else has China done about its pop
  problems? Govt encouraged and sponsored
  contraception
• 74 of women use it which is highest in Asia

22
PEOPLE / SOCIAL ISSUES

• 5. Success? Maybe but still one baby is born
  every 2 seconds in China

23
PEOPLE / SOCIAL ISSUES

• 6. Migration and Chinas Floating Population
• What is this? See China Blue video

24
PEOPLE / SOCIAL ISSUES

• 6. Migration and Chinas Floating Population
• Large of people moving from the rural areas /
  countryside to the big cities
• From central and west to the east

25
PEOPLE / SOCIAL ISSUES

• 6. Migration and Chinas Floating Population
• Why? Rapid reform era of economic development
  opens up jobs in factories AND modern
  agricultural practices reduce need for farm
  workers

26
PEOPLE / SOCIAL ISSUES

• 6. Migration and Chinas Floating Population
• Govt Policy? Discourage migration rule is
  that the floating people are NOT officially
  permitted to reside permanently in these towns
  and cities

27
PEOPLE / SOCIAL ISSUES

• 6. Migration and Chinas Floating Population
• Govt Policy? Thousands of Tibetans cross into
  Nepal so the govt pressures Nepal to return
  these people and force them to stay in China

28
PEOPLE / SOCIAL ISSUES

• 7. Question Does China have a homogeneous
  population?

29
PEOPLE / SOCIAL ISSUES

• 7. Ethnic Groups
• China has a homogeneous pop with 92 Han Chinese

30
PEOPLE / SOCIAL ISSUES

• 7. Ethnic Groups
• But 8 of population / over 100 million people
  are from 55 other ethnic groups like the Zhuang,
  Manchu, Hui, Mongols, Tibetans, among others

31
PEOPLE / SOCIAL ISSUES

• 7. Ethnic Groups
• Policy All nationalities are equal according to
  the law
• The Constitution grants them the right of
  self-government but autonomy is very limited!

32
PEOPLE / SOCIAL ISSUES

• 7. Ethnic Groups
• Most minorities live in the Autonomous regions
  along the borders of China covering about 60 of
  Chinas land area

33
PEOPLE / SOCIAL ISSUES

• 7. Ethnic Groups
• Mongols near Mongolia
• Tibetans in TAR
• Kazaks along Kazakh Republic
• Uyghurs in Xinjiang out west

34
PEOPLE / SOCIAL ISSUES

• 7. Ethnic Groups
• These groups have a long history of
  dissatisfaction with Chinese rule and want
  independence

35
PEOPLE / SOCIAL ISSUES

• 7. Ethnic Groups
• The Chinese government fears and opposes
  independence movements and uses the PLA to
  suppress expression of dissent

36
PEOPLE / SOCIAL ISSUES

• 8. Languages Official Lingo?

37
PEOPLE / SOCIAL ISSUES

• 8. Languages Official Lingo?
• Mandarin or standard Chinese
• Many other dialects flow from Mandarin
• Many other languages spoken by other ethnic
  groups

38
PEOPLE / SOCIAL ISSUES

• 8. Languages What is Pinyin?

39
PEOPLE / SOCIAL ISSUES

• 8. Languages What is Pinyin?
• Common written form of Chinese language accepted
  by groups
• System of phonetic spelling as a way to increase
  literacy
• It is required under law

40
PEOPLE / SOCIAL ISSUES

• 8. Languages In 2006, the govt forced 100
  million people in Shanghai to use Mandarin as
  opposed to Shanghainese (Cantonese) language

41
PEOPLE / SOCIAL ISSUES

• 8. Languages In 2008, Hong Kong Minister of
  Education banned teaching in Cantonese because
  English speaking students did better in
  universities.

42
PEOPLE / SOCIAL ISSUES

• 9. Religions 1st It is an issue as China was
  a communist regime which means atheism so
  religion was not tolerated

43
PEOPLE / SOCIAL ISSUES

• 9. Religions 2nd Chinese Constitution
  protects freedom of religious belief
• But no one may use religious activities to
  disrupt public order

44
PEOPLE / SOCIAL ISSUES

• 9. Religions Confucianism is a philosophy
  still in existence in China
• It is a system of ethical conduct

45
PEOPLE / SOCIAL ISSUES

• 9. Religions Confucianism
• Promotes peace and harmony and good morals with
  reverence for ones ancestors, family and
  superiors

46
PEOPLE / SOCIAL ISSUES

• 9. Religions Daoism and Buddhism are also
  common place in China

47
PEOPLE / SOCIAL ISSUES

• 9. Religions It is difficult to find accurate
  numbers of people and their religious beliefs due
  to nature of communist regime

48
PEOPLE / SOCIAL ISSUES

• 9. Religions Some underground communities of
  Protestants and Catholics

49
PEOPLE / SOCIAL ISSUES

• 9. Religions What is the Falun Gong?
• The Wheel of Law established in 1992 with close
  to 100 million followers

50
PEOPLE / SOCIAL ISSUES

• 9. Religions What is the Falun Gong?
• It is a quasi-religious movement based on
  traditional deep breathing exercises and Daoist
  and Buddhist practices

51
PEOPLE / SOCIAL ISSUES

• 9. Religions What is the Falun Gong?
• So why do the Communist leaders want these people
  out of the picture?

52
PEOPLE / SOCIAL ISSUES

• 9. Religions What is the Falun Gong?
• Perceived antigovernment activities and positions
  so it was outlawed in 1999
• Many arrested and reeducated through labor
  camps or placed in mental hospitals

53
PEOPLE / SOCIAL ISSUES

• 10. Urban Rural Cleavages
• Most econ growth takes place in urban eastern
  areas so increase in income gap between urban and
  rural peoples called Two Chinas!!!

54
PEOPLE / SOCIAL ISSUES

• 10. Urban Rural Cleavages
• This led to a divide in social and cultural
  lifestyles from urban to rural areas and a
  migration of people from farms to industrial
  centers

55
PEOPLE / SOCIAL ISSUES

• 10. Urban Rural Cleavages
• This led to protests and dissent in rural areas
  over tax policies and corruption in government

56
PEOPLE / SOCIAL ISSUES

• 10. Urban Rural Cleavages
• In 2006, PM Wen Jiabao set out policy of New
  Socialist Countryside to improve the rural
  economy and slow down migration of people (TVEs)

57
PEOPLE / SOCIAL ISSUES

• 11. Education
• What is the Literacy Rate in China?

58
PEOPLE / SOCIAL ISSUES

• 11. Education
• What is the Literacy Rate in China? 90.9
• Is this a good number?

59
PEOPLE / SOCIAL ISSUES

• 11. Education is controlled by the Ministry of
  Education
• Average 6.2 years of ed. But goal was upped to 9
  years by 2000

60
PEOPLE / SOCIAL ISSUES

• 11. EDUCATION
• free primary ed for five years at age 7
• Then 5 years of secondary ed from 12 to 17
• Attendance rates drop from 99 for primary to 80
  for higher levels

61
PEOPLE / SOCIAL ISSUES

• 11. EDUCATION
• Free higher ed was abolished in 1985 so now
  candidates compete with each other for
  scholarships and admissions

62
PEOPLE / SOCIAL ISSUES

• 12. Health care in China
• Govt sponsored health care
• But not enough doctors and hospitals
• Most medical care is concentrated in cities and
  on the eastern side

63
PEOPLE / SOCIAL ISSUES

• 12. Health care in China
• Policy? Govt set up a 5 year plan (again!) to
  invest 2.4 billion into rebuilding rural medical
  services, clinics and hospitals

64
PEOPLE / SOCIAL ISSUES

• 12. Health Issues
• Hepatitis B outbreaks
• SARS vaccine in 2004
• Bird Flu
• HIV / AIDS on the rise

65
PEOPLE / SOCIAL ISSUES

• 12. Health Issues But the big deal is
  environmental
• 2002 only 92 urban and 68 rural had access to
  improved water supply
• Only 69 urban and 29 rural had access to
  improved sanitation facilities