Aquatic%20Biomes%20

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Aquatic Biomes Ecosystems   1.  Define an
estuary   transitional area where a river flows
into the ocean  
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Estuaries can be bays, sounds, coves, inlets,
fjords
Galveston Bay Trinity and San Jacinto Rivers
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2. Name and describe the 2 types of free-drifting
microscopic organisms   phytoplanktonphotosynthe
sizing algae found near the oceans
surface   zooplanktontiny animals that feed on
plankton
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Freshwater Biomes   3.       List the two types
of freshwater biomes   standing
water   running water
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Lakes  4.       The main producers of a lake
ecosystems are phytoplankton  5. Name and
describe the three life zones   1. littoral
zoneclosest to shore   2. limnetic zonesunlit
body of the lake   3. profundal zonebelow the
level of light penetration Being able to
draw the zones of a lake will help
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6. Name and describe the four types of aquatic
plants   1. emergentsrooted in shallow
littoral zone and grow out of water  2. surface
plantsgrow on surface, e.g. waterlilies  3.
underwater plants- e.g. watermilfoils  4.
phytoplanktonmicroscopic drifting
plants Which is most important plant to a
lake ecosystem?
Diatoms phytoplankton with silica in their
shells
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7. Name and describe the five groups of
nonproducers/consumers of a lake ecosystem  1.
zooplanktonsmall animals that feed on
phytoplankton  2. Surface insectsinsects that
walk on water surface  3. subsurface-dwelling
insectslive just beneath the waters
surface  4. NEKTON--free-swimming organisms  5.
BENTHOSbottom-dwelling organisms
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8. Rivers Streams Describe how the animals and
plants must adapt to the following water flow
rates Rapidly or fast moving water   Must
be adapted to clinging to rocks and gravel or
avoiding fast flow   Calm running water
  Algae grows on rocks. Many insects and insect
larvae. Fewer problems with water flow. Slow
moving water   Animals and plants adapted to
muddy sediments, less oxygen
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Marshes, Swamps, Bogs  9. Characterize the
plants of each  Marshes   Soft-stemmed
herbaceous plants such as cattails and
pickerelweed. Swamps   Dominated by woody
plants (trees and shrubs) Bogs   Floating mat
of vegetation adapted to acidic conditions.
Evergreen trees and shrubs, often with a carpet
of sphagnum moss. Insectivorous plants.
Sphagnum moss is absorptive and extremely acidic,
inhibiting the growth of bacteria and fungi
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Marsh
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Swamp
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BOG
Bog
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10. Characterize the soil of each  Marshes
rich in organic material, sometimes dries
out  Swamps Forest floor periodically flooded.
Poorly drained forests or swamps.  Bogs Highly
acidic, poorly drained. Deep deposits of peat.
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10. Characterize the soil of each  Marshes
  rich in organic material, sometimes dries
out  Swamps Forest floor periodically
flooded. Poorly drained forests or
swamps.  Bogs   Highly acidic, poorly drained.
Deep deposits of peat.
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11. Marine Biomes  Name and describe the three
major life zones of oceans  1. Intertidal zone
(includes estuaries)periodic exposure to air and
sun. Wave action. Estuaries have brackish
water (mixture of fresh and salt water),
temperature changes, abundance of nutrients,
lots of light.  2. Neritic zonebetween
continental shelf (200 meters) and low tide line.
Much sun and nutrients, abundant phytoplankton,
zooplankton, and fishes. Includes coral
reefscolonies of coral polyps, abundant and
diverse life  3. Open sea zoneArea where ocean
is deeper than 200 meters. Not very productive,
not many nutrients. Bathyal zone Abyssal
zone below 2000m is near freezing, has no sun,
strange animals.
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Intertidal  12. Describe how organisms have
adapted to periodic exposure to the air Crabs
other animals prevent dehydration by
burrowing. Animals with shells hide in them at
low tide. Estuaries  13. Describe the
conditions organisms must adapt to in an
estuary Brackish water. Changes in salinity.
Changes in temperature.  14. What are the
"rewards" for living in this biome? Lots of
nutrients, plants, and animals. Lots of light
for photosynthesis.
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Intertidal zone
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Neritic Zone  15. Describe the physical location
of this biome In water that is below low tide
line but less than about 200 meters deep, on the
continental shelf. Q what is significant about
the 200 m layer in the sea?  16. Describe the
food chain of this biome Lots of nutrients
from sea and estuaries, abundant phytoplankton
is food for zooplankton, which is food for
larger animals.
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Coral Reefs  17. Describe the mutualistic
relationship that exist in coral
  Zooxanthellae (algae Phototrophs) live in
coral polyps (heterotrophs) and feed off coral
waste products (Carbon dioxide and Nitrogenous
waste). In turn, the algae release nutrients
and oxygen that coral needs to survive.
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Coral Reef
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Open Sea Zone  18.     Describe the physical
location of this biome.   In ocean water on the
continental slope after the neritic zone where
benthos is less than 200 meters deep. B/w
200m-2000m bathyal zone Below 2000m abyssal
zone
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• Abyssal Zone
•  19. Describe animal adaptations
•   Slow metabolic rates and reduced skeletal
  systems are adaptations to cold and pressure.
• Large jaws and teeth and expandable stomachs to
  accommodate any prey.
• Bioluminescence.
• Chemosynthetic bacteria near undersea vents
  adapted to high temp and can live on chemicals.
•  20. Describe chemosynthetic
•  Manufacture food with chemical energy rather
  than the sun.

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Creatures from the ABYSS
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Terrestrial Biomes  Components of the
Biosphere  21. Name and describe the three
components of the biosphere  1.
lithosphererocks, soils, and sediments where
organisms live  2. hydrosphereliquid and
frozen water on or near the surface of the
lithosphere  3. atmosphereregion of gases,
dust, and water vapor
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Biosphere 2
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Climate  22. List the four factors that produce
climate   1. amount of solar radiation   2.
Earths rotation and path around the sun   3.
distribution of continents and oceans 4.
elevation of land masses
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Seasonal Variations  23. Explain why seasons
occur   Earths axis tilts. (what angle?) As
the year progresses, first the northern and then
the southern hemisphere has more direct
sunlight. The hemisphere receiving direct
sunlight experiences summer.
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 Regional Climates  24. Describe the rain shadow
effect (be able to diagram it on the test)
  When moist winds go over mountains they rise,
cool, and drop much of their moisture as rain
and snow. (why do they do that?) The area on the
far side of the mountain is in a rain shadow
because the air is dry and cannot produce rain.
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Latitude Versus Altitude  26. List the
terrestrial biomes as you increase in altitude or
latitude start with a tropical rain forest (do
not include grasslands)   tropical rain forest,
deciduous forest, coniferous forest, tundra,
ice  27.     If you reduced the amount of
rainfall in deciduous forest, what biome would
it turn into? grassland  28. If you
reduced the amount of rainfall in grassland,
what biome would it turn into?   semi
desert  28.     If you reduced the temperature of
coniferous forest, what biome would it turn
into? tundra  
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Succession  30. Define ecological succession
  The gradual, sequential replacement of
populations in an area.  31. Describe the
general characteristics of the plants of the
three types of succession communities   1.
pioneerhardy species with well-dispersed seeds
that remain viable, grow rapidly in full sun  2.
seralrapidly growing trees shrubs that thrive
in sun, longer life cycle and more extensive
root systems than pioneers  3.
climaxshade-tolerant trees whose saplings
survive at higher rate than trees of seral
community
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Final Things to Study  Climatograms (be able to
construct one and read one)