Section 2 Introduction-1

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Section 2 Introduction-1
The Basis of Citizenship

• Key Terms
• naturalization, jus soli, jus sanguinis,
  collective naturalization, expatriation,
  denaturalization

Find Out
What are the requirements for citizenship in
the United States?
What are the main responsibilities of American
citizens?
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Section 2 Introduction-2
The Basis of Citizenship

• Understanding Concepts
• Constitutional Interpretations What questions
  about citizenship did the Fourteenth Amendment
  answer?

Section Objective
Explain the requirements for United States
citizenship.
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Section 2-1

• Certain citizens of the United States by birth
  were also made citizens by Congress. When
  Congress admitted Texas as a state in 1845, it
  also made all the people of Texas citizens of the
  U.S.

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Section 2-2
I. National Citizenship (pages 391393)

• A. Citizens of the United States have rights,
  responsibilities, and duties.

B. The Founders assumed the states would decide
who was a citizen. C. Citizenship came to have
both a national and a state dimension. D. The
Dred Scott (1857) ruling that African Americans
were not U.S. citizens led to the adoption of the
Fourteenth Amendment, which defined citizenship
at both the state and national levels.
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Section 2-3
I. National Citizenship (pages 391393)
How did the adoption of the Fourteenth Amendment
change the basis of citizenship?
States determined citizenship until the
Fourteenth Amendment defined citizenship.
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Section 2-4
II. Citizenship by Birth (page 393)

• A. Citizens by the law of the soil are born in
  the U.S. or its territories.

B. Children born to a parent who is a U.S.
citizen are also citizens by the law of blood,
including children born in another country of
American parents.
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Section 2-5
II. Citizenship by Birth (page 393)
In what two ways is American citizenship acquired
at birth?
Jus soli law of the soil, or birth in the U.S.,
and jus sanguinis law of blood, or birth to
American parents.
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Section 2-6
III. Citizenship by Naturalization (pages 393394)

• A. Naturalized citizens have most of the rights
  and privileges of native-born citizens.

B. Congress has established qualifications for
naturalization
1. Applicants must be of good moral character
and have entered the U.S. legally. 2.
Applicants must read, write, and speak English.
3. Applicants must show basic knowledge of
American history and government and support the
principles of American government.
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Section 2-7
III. Citizenship by Naturalization (pages 393394)
Why must applicants show basic knowledge of
American history and government?
Citizens must understand these subjects in order
to participate fully in government.
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Section 2-8
IV. Steps to Citizenship (pages 394395)

• A. An applicant must file a petition requesting
  citizenship, be at least 18 years old, have been
  a lawfully admitted resident alien for 30 months
  out of the previous 5 years, and have resided in
  the state for at least 3 months.

B. At a final hearing, a federal judge
administers the oath of allegiance to the new
citizens.
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Section 2-9
IV. Steps to Citizenship (pages 394395)
Why are applicants for citizenship questioned
about American government and history?
Citizens must understand these subjects to
participate in government.
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Section 2-10
V. Losing Citizenship (pages 395396)

• A. Only the federal government can take away
  citizenship.

B. A person may lose citizenship voluntarily or
involuntarily.
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Section 2-11
V. Losing Citizenship (pages 395396)
How may citizenship be taken away?
Expatriation, crimes such as treason, or
denaturalization.
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Section 2-12
VI. The Responsibilities of Citizens (pages
396397)

• A. Responsible citizens need to know about the
  laws that govern society.

B. Responsible citizens participate in political
life.
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Section 2-13
VI. The Responsibilities of Citizens (pages
396397)
Which responsibilities of citizenship do you
consider the most important? Explain.
Answers will vary. See text pages 396397.
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Section 2 Assessment-1
Checking for Understanding

• 1. Main Idea Use a graphic organizer like the
  one below to describe the conditions of American
  citizenship.

sources birth on American soil, birth to an
American parent, naturalization responsibilities
knowing the laws, participating in political
life, voting
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Section 2 Assessment-2
Checking for Understanding
Match the term with the correct definition.
___ naturalization ___ jus soli ___ jus
sanguinis ___ collective naturalization ___ expatr
iation ___ denaturalization

• A. giving up ones citizenship by leaving to live
  in a foreign country
• B. the principle that grants citizenship on the
  basis of the citizenship of ones parents
• C. the principle that grants citizenship to
  nearly all people born in a country
• D. the loss of citizenship through fraud or
  deception during the naturalization process
• E. the legal process by which a person is granted
  citizenship
• F. A process by which a group of people become
  American citizens through an act of Congress

E C B F A D
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Section 2 Assessment-3
Checking for Understanding

• 3. Identify Dred Scott v. Sandford.

Dred Scott v. Sandford is the Supreme Court case
ruling that decided African Americans were not
U.S. citizens and led to the adoption of the
Fourteenth Amendment, which defined citizenship
at both the state and national levels.
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Section 2 Assessment-4
Checking for Understanding

• 4. What are the five requirements for becoming a
  naturalized citizen?

Applicants must have entered the United States
legally be of good moral character declare
their support of the principles of American
government prove that they can read, write, and
speak English and show some basic knowledge of
American history and government.
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Section 2 Assessment-5
Checking for Understanding

• 5. In what three ways may American citizenship be
  lost?

American citizenships may be lost through
expatriation, as a punishment for treason, or
denaturalization.
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Section 2 Assessment-6
Critical Thinking

• 6. Synthesizing Information  Why does the United
  States require citizenship applicants to speak
  English and have knowledge of the American
  government?

Possible answer Since the United States is based
on self-government, it is vital that new citizens
understand and support the principles of
government and speak the language in order to
participate.
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Section 2 Concepts in Action

• Constitutional Interpretations The Fourteenth
  Amendment extends the privileges and immunities
  of each state to all American citizens. Make a
  chart that lists the privileges that you believe
  your state should provide out-of-state persons
  and the privileges that should extend only to
  residents of your state.

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