Nutrient Cycling and Human Impact

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Nutrient Cycling and Human Impact
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Vocabulary Words

• 29. Respiration
• 30. Combustion
• 31. Acid rain
• 32. Chlorofluorocarbons
• 33. Green House Effect
• 34. Biomagnification
• 35. Aquifer

• Read 369-372, 374, and 405-415

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Material Cycling and Energy

• Energy and compounds can be passed through a food
  chain (matter)
• Energy is lost at every level of the food chain
  (90 lost from heat and movement)
• When chemical bonds are broken, the elements
  remain but the energy is released

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• Successful food chains require constant addition
  of energy to the producers (light for
  photosynthesis and chemicals for chemosynthesis)
• Energy is brought back into the food chain by the
  producers (autotrophs)
• THE MAJOR ELEMENTS BEING CYCLED ARE N,C, P, O
  and the compound H2O

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Biogeochemical Cycling

• Material exchange between the Earth, atmosphere,
  and living organisms

Dissolved Nutrients
Photosynthesis
Decomposition
Organic Material (Living Tissue)
Organic Material (Non-Living)
Death, excretion, respiration
"The Circle of Life"
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A. Water Cycle

• Transpiration, evaporation, precipitation, ground
  water, oceans, lakes, clouds, percolation into
  soil, absorption

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Draw this as best as you can in your notes..
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B. The Carbon Cycle

• You have a copy of a diagram of the carbon cycle
  in your bindergo ahead and find it and put it
  into your notes section.
• 6CO2 6H2O C6H12O6 (sugar)
  6O2
• This is the balanced equation for
  photosynthesis
• Why does it have to be balanced??

enzymes
chlorophyll and Sunlight
KNOW THIS DIAGRAM FOR THE TEST!!!
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Skills Assessments

• Pg 377 14-16
• Pg 387 1-5
• Pg 423 14-16

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p. 377
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p. 387
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p. 423
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III. HUMAN IMPACT ON A WORLD WIDE SCALE

• ACID RAIN
• Number the following statements in the proper
  order, then write a possible solution
• Acidic rain lowers the pH of land and water
  ecosystems
• Sulfur dioxide is released into the atmosphere
  from burning fossil fuels
• Species that can't adapt to higher acidity die
• Sulfur dioxide becomes sulfuric acid when it
  contacts water in the clouds
• SOLUTION?

(3)
(1)
(4)
(2)
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Effects of Acid Rain
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B. Ozone Depletion

• Number the following statements in the proper
  order, then write a possible solution
• More ultraviolet radiation penetrates to the
  earth's surface
• Ozone is destroyed by chlorofluorocarbons and
  forms diatomic oxygen
• The ozone layer exists and blocks some UV
  radiation in the upper atmosphere
• Species die and humans experience more cancers
  because of great UV exposure
• Solution?

(3)
(2)
(1)
(4)
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With the ozone layer
Without the ozone layer
Most of the harmful UV radiation will penetrate
the atmosphere.
Ozone absorbs 99 of the harmful ultraviolet (UV)
radiation.
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Effects of Ozone Depletion
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C. Global WarmingIs it man-made?

• Number the following statements in the proper
  order, then write a possible solution
• Carbon dioxide and methane gasses act as
  insulation in the atmosphere and prevent escape
  of heat into space. "Greenhouse Effect.
• It has been noticed that temperatures worldwide
  have been increasing in the oceans and on land.
• Burning fossil fuels and forests releases carbon
  dioxide into the atmosphere. More is released
  now than in any other time in history.
• Solutions?

(2)
(3)
(1)
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Effects of Global Warming
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D. Ecosystem Damage

• Biomagnification poisons in the food chain
  accumulate in the tissues of the upper level
  carnivores
• Ex. DDT an insecticide weakened eagle egg
  shells, which caused them to crush during
  incubation
• - many predatory birds fail to reproduce
  successfully
• - The United States attempts to regulate the use
  of these chemicals
• This is why we do not eat sharks they are
  top level carnivores and the toxins in their meat
  are magnified.

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2. Extinction (loss of biodiversity)What are
some of the causes of extinction?

• Habitat Destruction
• Farming and Logging
• Urban Sprawl
• Filling in Wetlands
• overfishing

• Consequences
• Loss of biodiversity
• Loss of soil
• Loss of filtration, more flooding

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3. Pollution (terrestrial and aquatic)

• Consequences
• Clean Water Loss
• Animals Poisoned
• Diseases Spread
• Plastics do not degrade
• Landfills too full

• Cause
• Throw Away Society
• Overuse of Pesticides
• Untreated Sewage
• Oil

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Effects of Pollution
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E. Overpopulation the single greatest problem
facing our Earth

• 3.2 billion in 1960
• 6 billion in 2000
• 8.5 billion expected in 2025

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Overpopulation 2 Types of Problems

• Too many peopletoo little space
• Overuse of resources and pollution generation
• The fastest growth rate is in developing
  countries like ASIA, AFRICA, and LATIN AMERICA-
  Why?
• No education
• No access to birth control
• No health care available
• The low status of women women are seen as
  propertytheir body is not their own

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• The greatest energy consumption is in the
  developed worldUSA, Europe, and Australia
• USA has only 5 of population, uses 40 of
  energy, and is responsible for 40 of the
  pollution.this is VERY UNBALANCED!!!!

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F. The Lust for Meat impacts the ecosystem (pg
369 in book)

• Where is this grain grown? Deserts, Rainforests
• Is this an efficient use of our land and water
  resources?
• Therefore, vegetarianism is better for our
  ecosystem!

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G. Sustainable Agriculture

• Ground cover reduces soil erosion
• Crop Rotation keep nutrients in the soil
• Read more about this on pg. 374 in book

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Test Topics.

• Nutrient Cycling carbon cycle (with
  photosynthesis equation), water cycle,
  biogeochemical cycle
• Human Impact Global Warming, Acid Rain, Ozone
  Depletion
• Graphing interpreting graphs
• CH 18 WS (Biodiversity and Ecotourism)
• CH 19 WS
• All Notes and Vocab
• Ecosystem Damage extinction, biomagnification,
  pollution
• Predator/Prey Lab interspecific vs.
  intraspecific competition
• Vegetarianism
• Read 369-372, 374, 405-415
• Video Too Hot not to Handle

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Test Topics.

• Nutrient Cycling carbon cycle (with
  photosynthesis equation), water cycle,
  biogeochemical cycle
• Human Impact Global Warming, Acid Rain, Ozone
  Depletion
• Graphing interpreting graphs
• CH 18 WS (Biodiversity and Ecotourism)
• CH 19 WS
• All Notes and Vocab
• Ecosystem Damage extinction, biomagnification,
  pollution
• Predator/Prey Lab interspecific vs.
  intraspecific competition
• Vegetarianism
• Read 369-372, 374, 405-415

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Some review questions

1. How do the greenhouse gases (CO2 and methane)
   increase the temp. of the earth?
2. What gases destroy the ozone?
3. What countries have very rapid population growth?
4. When will the population reach 8.5 billion?
5. Name ways to decrease dependence on fossil fuels.
6. What does ozone in the atmosphere do?
7. What is ground water?
8. In the US, we have ___ of world population but
   produce ___ of worlds carbon dioxide.
9. Alaska has warmed ___ degrees in the last 50
   years.
10. What is the gaseous source of acid rain?

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Some review questions

1. How do the greenhouse gases (CO2 and methane)
   increase the temp. of the earth? Reduce heat
   leaving earth
2. What gases destroy the ozone? CFCs
3. What countries have very rapid population growth?
   Underdeveloped countries like Nigeria
4. When will the population reach 8.5 billion? 2025
5. Name ways to decrease dependence on fossil fuels.
   Recycle, hybrids, ethanol
6. What does ozone in the atmosphere do? Protect
   from UV radiation
7. What is ground water? Water trapped beneath soil
   in porous rock
8. In the US, we have _5__ of world population but
   produce _25__ of worlds carbon dioxide.
9. Alaska has warmed __5_ degrees in the last 50
   years.
10. What is the gaseous source of acid rain? Sulfur
    dioxide, nitrogen dioxide (NOT CO2)

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1. Explain the process of photosynthesis.
2. What is biomagnification?
3. Know all 3 conditions of the environmentacid
   rainozone depletionand global warming. Know
   the cause and some consequences.
4. What is the single greatest threat to the worlds
   future?
5. Know intra/interspecific competition
6. Water loss to the environment from plant leaves
   is ___________.
7. What is ozones chemical formula?
8. What did DDT do to eagle eggs?
9. What are some non-renewable resources?
10. What is biodiversity? What is its relationship
    with the stability of an area?

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1. Explain the process of photosynthesis.
2. What is biomagnification?increase conc. Of toxins
   in a food chain
3. Know all 3 conditions of the environmentacid
   rainozone depletionand global warming. Know
   the cause and some consequences.
4. What is the single greatest threat to the worlds
   future? population
5. Know intra/interspecific competition.
6. Water loss to the environment from plant leaves
   is ______transpiration_____.
7. What is ozones chemical formula? O3
8. What did DDT do to eagle eggs? Thinned eagle egg
   shells which made them more vulnerable to
   breaking while incubating
9. What are some non-renewable resources? Topsoil,
   groundwater, animal and plant species
10. What is biodiversity? What is its relationship
    with the stability of an area? the number of
    different species in an areathe more
    biodiversity the more stability of an area