Enzymes

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Enzymes

• - Remember they are PROTEINS!
• -They are ORGANIC CATALYSTS!
• ORGANIC IN LIVING ORGANISMS
• A Catalyst speeds up CHEMICAL REACTIONS
• A Catalyst does not get used up in the reaction
  (it can be recovered at the end of a reaction)
• A Catalyst is needed in small amounts (because
  it can be recycled!)

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ENZYMES ARE RESPONSIBLE FOR SPEEDING UP ALL
REACTIONS IN YOUR BODY!
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• Chemical reactions -
• Reactants (called as Substrates in Enzyme
  catalysed reactions) are C6H12O6 and 6O2
• Products are 6CO2 and 6H2O

C6H12O6 6O2 -gt 6CO2 6H2O
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• How does an enzyme work?

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How does an Enzyme Work?

• Substrates are the reactants of an enzyme
  catalyzed reaction
• Substrates have a matching shape that fits into
  the enzyme like a LOCK AND KEY
• A bond is formed/broken between the Substrates
  and the Products are released
• Enzyme is recycled so new substrates can react
  and form new products over and over again
• Enzymes are Specific to substrate
• Enzymes lower Activation Energy

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• Activation energy Energy needed by reactants to
  make the products (Energy Barrier)
• Enzymes are Organic Catalysts that can LOWER this
  ACTIVATION ENERGY

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A single molecule of enzyme can catalyze 1000s
of reactions
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Enzymes Factors affecting their function
Temperature - very cold no reaction warm temp
fastest reaction cooking no reaction
Optimal temp Human enzymes 37.5 oc
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Enzymes Factors affecting their functionpH
(Acid - ex. HCl can harm enzymeor Base - ex.
NaOH also can harm enzyme)
3) pH
pH 1-6 Acidic 7 neutral 8-14 - Basic
Optimal pH Human enzymes pH 6-8
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Enzymes Factors affecting their function

• Coenzymes organic helpers - Vitamin B
• Examplesvitamins.

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Enzymes Factors affecting their function
Cofactors inorganic helpers. Ex Metals
Photosystem I multienzyme complexes
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Inorganic Catalyst

• Inorganic - Found in Nonliving things -Example
  Manganese Dioxide (MnO2)
• Inorganic Catalysts are able to be RECYCLED just
  like ENZYMES
• They also speed up reaction
• They can be recovered at the end of a reaction

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Balanced Equation for the break down of Hydrogen
Peroxide

• Hydrogen peroxide water oxygen
  gas
• 2H2O2 2H2O O2 (inorganic)
• 2H2O2 2H2O O2 (organic)

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Results Add these results to the LEFT SIDE of
the data table

• M-F
• N/R -cooked
• F- warm
• S- iced
• F- dH2O,pH 7
• M-S base, pH10
• S- acid, pH3

1. N/R
2. F
3. M
4. M
5. M
6. N/R
7. F

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Clean UP- 5pts of lab

• Dump Test Tube contents onto a paper towel
• Dump into the garbage can at front door
• Return unused liver and H2O2
• Rinse test tubes in sink then scrub test tubes in
  soapy bin, then rinse in sink again
• NO LIVER IN THE SINK!!!!!
• Turn test tube upside down into test tube rack to
  dry
• Clean the glass cutting board, razor blade,
  forcepts and stir rod.