Gary Lippner

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3 - Year Storm Water Monitoring Action Plan

• Presented by
• Gary Lippner
• Glenn Moeller

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Caltrans - CSUS - UCD Storm
Water Program

• NPDES Permit
• Statewide Storm Water Management Plan
• Planning-Support Monitoring and Evaluation
  Program
• 3-Year Storm Water Monitoring Action Plan

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3 - Year Storm Water Monitoring Action Plan

• To manage storm water constituents in compliance
  with current legislation and regulations,
  Caltrans has initiated a major storm water
  research effort. This effort, as detailed in a
  rolling 3-Year Storm Water Monitoring Action
  Plan, has three overall goals.

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Caltrans - CSUS - UCD Stormwater Program
Overall Goals of Applied Research

• Advance the state of applied knowledge regarding
  cost-effective management of storm water from
  highways and related Caltrans facilities.
• Provide a sound basis for redirecting or refining
  aspects of the storm water management program to
  improve its effectiveness.
• Recommend ways to improve the Caltrans Storm
  Water Management Plan.

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Monitoring Program Activities
Caltrans - CSUS - UCD Stormwater Program

• Activity 1 Identify receiving waters and
  constituents of concern.
• Activity 2 Identify factors that affect the
  concentrations and loads of constituents of
  concern in runoff from Caltrans facilities.
• Activity 3 Examine physical and chemical
  mechanisms that affect mobilization, transport,
  and transformation of constituents in Caltrans
  facilities.
• Activity 4 Develop a methodology for predicting
  constituent concentrations and loads from
  Caltrans facilities.
• Activity 5 Prioritize Caltrans facilities.
• Activity 6 Identify practices to be evaluated
  and plan pilot studies.
• Activity 7 Implement and monitor the
  effectiveness of candidate practices through
  pilot studies.

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Action Plan for Dummies
Caltrans - CSUS - UCD Stormwater Program

• Whats in Storm Water?
• Wheres it go?
• Hows it get in there?
• How do we keep it out?

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Caltrans - CSUS - UCD Stormwater Program
Whats in Storm Water?

• Statewide Storm Water Monitoring
• Maintenance Yard Runoff Characterization Study
• Construction Site Runoff Characterization
• North Coast River Loading Study
• Pathogen Identification in Storm Water
• District 11 Drain Inlet Sediment
  Characterization

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Caltrans - CSUS - UCD Stormwater Program
Maintenance Yard Runoff Characterization

• Purpose
• Characterize storm water runoff from maintenance
  yards.
• Background
• Caltrans maintenance stations used for material
  storage, vehicle fueling, and equipment
  maintenance.
• Overview
• Identify six maintenance yards in the Central
  Valley and Bay Area.
• Install monitoring stations and monitor runoff.
• Analyze data to characterize runoff and compare
  to freeway runoff .

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Caltrans - CSUS - UCD Stormwater Program
Construction Site Runoff Characterization
Purpose Characterize the quality of runoff
from representative Caltrans construction
sites. Background Baseline data for
construction sites is needed for multiple
purposes. Overview Phase I - site
identification, monitoring station design, and
monitoring plan development. Phase II - two years
of monitoring site runoff.

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District 11 Drain Inlet Sediment Characterization
Caltrans - CSUS - UCD Stormwater Program

• Purpose
• Characterize the sediment deposited in District
  11 Drain Inlets.
• Background
• Forty drain inlets were sampled in District 11
  during FY 96/97. The results indicate relatively
  low levels of potential pollutants.
• Approach
• Continue to sample drain inlet to further
  characterize and validate the results.

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Caltrans - CSUS - UCD Stormwater Program
North Coast River Loading
Purpose Determine present, absolute and relative
loads associated with Caltrans facilities. Backgro
und NCRWQCB is developing 18 TMDLs for the North
Coast. Overview Caltrans is partnering with
NCRWQCB in developing TMDLs for watersheds with
representative Caltrans facilities. Research
will review available data determine required
data, and perform needed sampling.

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Caltrans - CSUS - UCD Stormwater Program
Pathogen Identification in Storm Water

• Purpose
• Determine procedures and protocols for
  identifying the type and concentration of
  pathogenic organisms in storm water runoff.
• Background
• Investigations of pathogens transported via
  storm drains is needed as current methods of
  analysis are insufficient.
• Approach
• Examine the potential of various methods to
  indicate the presence of pathogens, their
  impact, and possible source controls.

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Wheres it go?
Caltrans - CSUS - UCD Stormwater Program

• Water Quality Objective Inventory and Database
• Constituent Concentration and Load Prediction
  Model

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Caltrans - CSUS - UCD Stormwater Program
Water Quality Objectives Inventory Database
Purpose Prepare a GIS based database of water
quality objectives, including beneficial uses and
associated numeric and narrative
objectives. Background Needed to effectively
characterize runoff from Caltrans facilities in
terms of compliance with existing water quality
objectives and regulatory policy. Overview Prepar
e reference database of water quality
requirements in relation to the associated
beneficial uses for California hydrologic units.

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Caltrans - CSUS - UCD Stormwater Program
Constituent Concentration and Load Prediction
Model
Purpose Develop a model that can be used to
predict annual or seasonal constituent
concentrations and mass loading from various
types of Caltrans facilities. Background Prioriti
zation of Caltrans facilities in terms of
potential impact on receiving waters requires
knowledge of the constituent concentrations and
loads from various types of Caltrans
facilities. Overview Develop preliminary models
based on existing data, identify data gaps and
recommend studies to collect data, and refine
models.

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Caltrans - CSUS - UCD Stormwater Program
Hows it get in there?

• Literature Review of Contaminant Accumulation and
  Transport
• Evaluation of Lead in California Highway Soils
• Solids Transport and Deposition Study
• First Flush Characterization Study

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Literature Review of Contaminant Accumulation and
Transport
Caltrans - CSUS - UCD Stormwater Program
Purpose Compile and evaluate the existing
information on the accumulation and transport of
contaminants from highway surfaces. Background Re
viewing the available information is a relatively
low-cost opportunity that could provide useful
insight into designing future Caltrans
facilities. Overview Review studies prepared by
consultants, government and other agencies and
compile results regarding the state of knowledge.
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Evaluation of Lead in California Highway Soils
Caltrans - CSUS - UCD Stormwater Program

• Purpose
• Evaluate the impact of changes in lead-in-soil
  criteria based on field data collected at
  representative Caltrans highway sites.
• Background
• To develop impact of criteria change on Caltrans
  soils management practices, it is necessary to
  develop baseline data on lead in soils at
  representative Caltrans highway sites.
• Overview
• Review existing data on lead in soils, evaluate
  soil sampling and laboratory protocols for
  potential Caltrans construction sites, and
  conduct fields studies.

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Solids Transport and Deposition Study
Caltrans - CSUS - UCD Stormwater Program

• Purpose
• Determine the characteristic rates and patterns
  of transfer, collection and discharge of solid
  materials from District 7 drain inlets.
• Background
• Determination of the mass and source of material
  being deposited in drain inlets may provide
  substantial source control benefits.
• Overview
• Analyze data taken from 72 drain inlets during a
  one year period. Use factorial study design to
  apply statistical analysis to aid in the
  understanding of characteristic drain inlet
  accumulation rates.

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First Flush Characterization
Caltrans - CSUS - UCD Stormwater Program

• Purpose
• Determine the spatial and temporal distribution
  of runoff contaminants from a freeway segment
  during a storm event.
• Background
• Information of the spatial and temporal
  distribution of contaminant concentrations in
  storm water runoff originating in arid zones is
  lacking.
• Overview
• Study includes planning, experimental, and
  modeling components and will be conducted in
  phases, with each phase building on knowledge
  gained from the previous phase.

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How do we keep it out?
Caltrans - CSUS - UCD Stormwater Program

• Drain Inlet Cleaning Efficacy Study
• Roadside Erosion Control Efficacy Study
• Litter Management Pilot Study
• District 7 11 BMP Evaluation
• Compost Storm Water Filter Study
• Vegetation Management Study

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Caltrans - CSUS - UCD Stormwater Program
Drain Inlet Cleaning Efficacy
Purpose Evaluate the efficacy of drain inlet
cleaning as it relates to effluent storm water
quality. Background During the 1996-1997 storm
season outlets associated with freeways in
District 7 were monitored to evaluate the
effectiveness of drain inlet cleaning to improve
the quality of water discharged. Overview Monitor
second year of data to confirm the results
obtained previously.

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Caltrans - CSUS - UCD Stormwater Program
Roadside Erosion Control Studies
Purpose Monitor and evaluate the effectiveness
of roadside management erosion controls and
enhanced landscape practices. Background A
potentially significant constituent of concern is
storm water runoff from lands adjacent to
highways is suspended solids stemming from soil
erosion. Overview Pre-BMP site assessment,
installation of BMPs, and post BMP monitoring.

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Caltrans - CSUS - UCD Stormwater Program
Litter Management Pilot Study
Purpose Evaluate the efficacy of three litter
BMPs litter pick-up programs, street sweeping,
and drain inlet grate structural
enhancements. Background Little is known about
the effectiveness of litter BMPs targeting
freeway storm water runoff. Overview Perform a
literature review on existing litter BMPs,
implement and monitors three types of BMPs to
evaluate their effectiveness.

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Caltrans - CSUS - UCD Stormwater Program
District 7 11 BMP Evaluation

• Purpose
• Conduct filed monitoring programs to evaluate the
  effectiveness of selected storm water quality
  control BMPs.
• Background
• As part of recent legal settlement agreements
  Caltrans has committed to conduct field pilot
  studies of 38 storm water BMPs.
• Overview
• Evaluate the effectiveness of the following BMPs
• Trapping catch basins
• Extended detention basins
• Infiltration trenches and basins
• Biofiltration strips and swales
• Media filters

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Caltrans - CSUS - UCD Stormwater Program
Compost Storm Water Filter Study
Purpose Conduct water quality sampling to
determine the effectiveness of the compost storm
water filter (CSF) system in reducing pollutants
in storm water runoff. Background After
conferring with the Regional Water Quality
Control Board, Caltrans decided to use the CSF
system in certain areas. However, Caltrans needs
to monitor the effectiveness of this new system.
Overview Two CSF locations were monitored, a
freeway location and a maintenance yard. A total
of five storms were sampled.

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Caltrans - CSUS - UCD Stormwater Program
Vegetation Management Study
Purpose Assess, in the North Coast region, the
impact of landscape management practices in
general, and herbicide use in particular, and
evaluate the effectiveness of alternative
practices. Background Herbicides are commonly
used for vegetation management along rural
highways. The loadings of herbicide residues in
storm water runoff resulting from such use has
not been thoroughly researched Overview Coordinat
e activities with NCRWQCB, identify sites,
determine chemical usage, and develop monitoring
plan. Perform field monitoring and report on
results.

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Other Activities of the Caltrans Storm Water
Program
Caltrans - CSUS - UCD Stormwater Program

• Produce Water Quality Handbooks
• Construction Reviews
• Statewide Permit
• Training

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Participation with Others
Caltrans - CSUS - UCD Stormwater Program

• State and Regional Water Quality Control Boards
• CalEPA
• USEPA
• Other State DOTs
• Academic Community
• Environmental Groups
• The Public

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Future Direction
Caltrans - CSUS - UCD Stormwater Program

• 97/98 Plan 16 Complete, 9 Ongoing, 37 New
• Draft 98/99 Plan 23 Complete, 30 Ongoing, 16
  New
• 98/99 Plan expected Summer 98
• Statewide Permit coming Summer - Fall