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Title: UNIT A


1
UNIT A
  • Health Care Systems
  • AH-II

2
Objectives
  • Analyze health care facilities including
    government, profit and non-profit agencies.
  • Explore health insurance, organizational
    structure, and trends in health care.

3
Assignment
  • Read Unit-1 on page 8-23
  • Complete review questions 1-8.

4
Health Care Facilities
5
General Hospitals
  • General Hospitals Treat a wide range of
    conditions age groups usually provide
    diagnostic, medical, surgical emergency care
    services. Patients usually stays a few days to a
    week.

6
Specialty Hospitals
  • Specialty Hospitals provide care for special
    illnesses or age groups example would be burn,
    oncology or psychiatric hospitals. Patients are
    generally hospitalized over a long time.

7
Government Hospitals
  • Government Hospitals operate by federal, state
    local government agencies. Facilities. Facilities
    are located all over the world to provide care
    for government services personnel their
    dependants. Examples of Government hospitals are
    Veterans Administration hospitals state
    psychiatric hospitals.

8
University/College Medical Centers
  • University/College Medical Centers provide
    hospital services along with research
    education can be funded by private and/or
    governmental services.

9
Long-Term Care Facilities
  • Long-term care facilities are nursing homes or
    geriatric homes (convalescent care) mainly
    provide assistance care for elderly patients,
    usually called residents. Also provides care for
    disabled or handicapped and individuals with
    chronic long-term illness.

10
Extended Care Facilities
  • Extended care facilities or skilled care
    facilities provides skilled nursing or/and
    rehabilitative care to prepare patients to return
    home, recover from major illness or surgery.
    Examples Treatments for cancer, dialysis or
    heart monitoring.

11
Independent Living Facilities
  • Independent living facilities allows individuals
    who can take care of themselves to rent or
    purchase an apartment in the facility provides
    services such as meals, housekeeping, laundry,
    medical care social events.

12
Medical Offices
  • Services vary from offices that are privately
    owned by one physician to large complexes that
    operate as corporations and employ many
    physicians and other health care professionals.
    Services offered range from physical exams,
    treatments, basic lab testing and minor surgery.

13
Medical Specialties Include
  • Obstetrics
  • Cardiology
  • Pediatrics


14
Dental Offices
  • Dental offices vary in size. Some offices are
    privately owned by one or more dentist. Dentist
    can work for major or retail department stores.
    Some dentist provide general care for all age
    groups or specialized care offered to a certain
    age group.

15
Clinics or Satellite Centers
  • Clinics or satellite centers performs minor
    surgical procedures. Called frequently one-day
    surgical centers that send patients home
    immediately after they recover from their
    operation.

16
Urgent or Emergency Care Clinics
  • Urgent or emergency care clinics provide first
    aid or emergency care to the ill or injured
    patients.

17
Rehabilitation Clinics
  • Rehabilitation clinics offer physical,
    occupational, speech and other similar therapies.

18
Laboratories
  • Laboratories are often a part of other facilities
    but can operate as a separate health care
    service. Medical laboratories can perform special
    diagnostic tests such as blood or urine test.
    Dental labs can prepare dentures and many other
    devices used to repair or replace teeth.

19
Home Health Care Agencies
  • Home health care agencies are designed to provide
    care in a patients home. The services are
    frequently used by elderly disabled. Examples
    such as occupational, speech, homemaking,
    personal and/or respiratory care.

20
Hospice Agencies
  • Hospice agencies provide care for terminally ill
    persons with life expectancies of six months or
    less. Care is provided in a persons home or in a
    hospice facility. Hospice allows the person to
    die with dignity in comfort. Psychological,
    social, spiritual financial counseling are
    provided for both the patient the family.

21
Government Agencies
22
World Health Organization (WHO)-
  • Complies statistics and information on disease,
    publishes health information.

23
U.S. Department of Health Health Services (DHHS)
  • National agency that deals with the health
    problems in the U.S.

24
National Institutes of Health (NIH)
  • Involved in disease research.

25
Centers for Disease Control Prevention
  • Concerned with causes, spread, control of
    diseases in populations.

26
Food Drug Administration
  • Federal agency responsible for regulating food
    drug products sold to the public.

27
Health Maintenance Organization (HMOs)
  • Another type of insurance plan that is focused on
    preventative care. A monthly fee or premium is
    paid for membership, and the fee stays the same
    regardless of the amount of healthcare used. The
    premium can be paid by an employer and/or an
    individual. The disadvantages of an HMO is that
    the insured is required to use only
    HMO-affiliated healthcare providers, labs
    hospitals. If patient chooses a non-affiliated
    provider, the patient pays for the care.

28
Mental Health Facilities
  • Mental health facilities treat patients with
    mental disorders diseases.

29
Health Maintenance Organizations
  • (HMOs) provide total healthcare directed toward
    preventive health care. Services include
    examinations, basic medical services, health
    education hospitalization or rehabilitation
    services.

30
Industrial Health Care
  • Industrial health care centers or occupational
    health clinics are found in large companies or
    industries. Such centers provide health care for
    employees of the industry or business by
    performing basic examinations, teaching,
    accident, safety prevention emergency care.

31
School Health Services
  • School health services are found in schools
    colleges. Examples of services provided include
  • Emergency care or sudden illnesses
  • Screening for speech, hearing vision problems.
  • Health Education
  • Counseling
  • Maintaining a safe school

32
Occupational Safety Health Administration (OSHA)
  • OSHA establishes enforces standards that
    protect workers from job-related injuries
    illnesses.

33
Health Departments
  • Health Departments provide health services as
    directed by the U.S. Department of Health Human
    Services (USDHHS) Example of services such as
    immunizations, inspections of restaurants,
    communicable diseases, collection of statistics,
    health education, record related to health
    clinics for health care prevention.

34
Voluntary or Nonprofit Agencies
  • Voluntary or Nonprofit Agencies are supported by
    donations, memberships fees, fundraisers
    federal or state grants. They provide health
    services at national, state local levels.

35
Examples of nonprofit agencies include
  • American Heart Association
  • American Diabetes Association
  • National Association of Mental Health
  • National Foundation of the March of Dimes
  • American Red Cross

36
Health Insurance Plans
  • Health insurance plans help pay for the costs of
    health care. Health insurance plans are offered
    by several thousand insurance agencies. A common
    example is Blue Cross/Blue Shield. When an
    insured individual has health care expenses
    covered by the insurance plan, the insurance
    company pays for the services. The amount of
    payment the type of services covered vary from
    plan to plan.

37
Common Insurance Terms
  • Deductiblesamounts that must be paid by the
    patient for medical services before the policy
    begins to pay.
  • Co-insurance requires that specific percentages
    of expenses be shared by the patient insurance
    companies for example, in as 80/20
    co-insurance, the company pays 80 of covered
    expenses patient pays remaining 20.
  • Co-payment a specific amount of money a patient
    pays for a particular service for example, 10
    for each physician visit regardless of the total
    cost of the visit.
  • Premium monthly cost for insurance

38
Health Maintenance Organization(HMO)
  • (HMO) is another type of health insurance plan, a
    monthly fee or premium is paid for membership,
    and the fee stays the same regardless of the
    amount of healthcare used. The premium can be
    paid by an employer and/or an individual. Total
    care provided is directed toward preventive type
    healthcare. The disadvantage of an HMO is that
    the insured is required to use only
    HMO-affiliated healthcare providers, labs or
    hospitals for healthcare. If the patient chooses
    a nonaffiliated provider, the patient pays for
    the care.

39
Preferred Provider Organization(PPO)
  • (PPO) is another type of health insurance plan.
    It is usually provided by large industries or
    companies to their employees. The industry or
    company forms a contract with certain health care
    agencies, such as a large hospital, specific
    dentists or doctors to provide care at a reduced
    rate. Employees are restricted to using only the
    specific hospital and or physicians.

40
Medicare
  • Medicare is a federal government program that
    provides health care for almost all individuals
    over the age of 65 and for any person with a
    disability who has received Social Security
    benefits for at least two years.

41
Medicare Two Types
  • Type A Covers hospital services and care
    provided by an extended care facility or home
    care agency with hospitalization.
  • Type B Offers additional coverage for doctors
    services, outpatient treatment, therapy, other
    health care. Individual pays a premium for types
    B coverage also must pay an initial deductible
    for services. Medicare pays for only 80 of
    services the patient must either pay the balance
    or have another insurance policy to cover
    expenses.

42
Medicaid
  • Medicaid is a medical assistance program operated
    by individual states. This program usually pays
    for the health care for the low income, children
    who qualify for public assistance individuals
    who are physically disabled or blind.

43
Workers Compensation
  • Workers Compensation is a health insurance plan
    providing treatment for workers injured on the
    job. It is administered by the state. Payments
    are made by employers the state. This plan also
    pays the worker for wages lost because of on the
    job injuries.

44
  • Tricare, formerly called CHAMPUS, the civilian
    health and medical programs for the uniform
    services, is a U.S. government health insurance
    plan for all military personnel. It provides care
    for all active duty members their families
    survivors of military personnel retired members
    of the Armed Forces.

45
Managed Care
  • Managed Care is an approach that has developed in
    response to rising health care costs. All health
    care provided to a patient must have a purpose
    a verification of need is frequently required
    before care can be provided. Every effort is made
    to provide preventative care early diagnosis of
    disease in order to avoid the high cost o
    treating disease. The health care consumer who is
    enrolled in a managed care plan receives quality
    care at the most reasonable cost but is
    restricted in choice of healthcare providers.

46
Trends in the Health Care
  • Cost Containment -To save money by buying
    hospital supplies in bulk.
  • Cap on malpractice settlements.
  • Outpatient services
  • DRGs
  • Wellness

47
Alternative Methods of Health Care
  • Chi
  • Acupuncture
  • Herbs

48
DRGs Diagnostic Related Groups
  • A group of diagnosis codes used with Medicare
    patients to keep cost down.
  • The codes allow only certain procedures to be
    preformed on the patient. I.e. Chest X-ray code
    969
  • Dx-pneumonia

49
National Health Care Plan
  • ??????????????????????????
  • What do you think?

50
THE END
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