AGRICULTURE

1
AGRICULTURE

• Chapter 11 Notes

2
Bellringer

• What are 2 possible reasons why Americans today
  eat significantly more fast food processed
  (factory-made) foods today than 50 years ago?

3
What Is Agriculture?

• The purposeful tending of crops and raising of
  livestock in order to produce food and fiber

4
Economic Activities

• Primary economic activities Products closest to
  the ground
• Secondary economic activities Manufacturing of
  primary products into new products
• Tertiary economic activities Services,
  connecting producers to consumers to facilitate
  trade
• Quaternary economic activities Information or
  the exchange of goods
• Quinary economic activities Tied into research
  or higher education

5
Arable Land
6
Bellringer

• Look at yesterdays notes on the levels of
  economic activities.
• How are quaternary and quinary activities related
  to tertiary economic activities?
• Turn in Ch 11 homework!

7
Subsistence Agriculture

• Strict meaning Farmers produce enough for
  themselves and their families and do not enter
  the cash economy at all

8
Subsistence Agriculture
9

• -

10
Shifting Cultivation

• Shifting fields to find better land
• Practiced primarily in tropical/subtropical
  regions
• The Cycle
• Clear plot of existing vegetation
• Plant crops
• Gradual loss of fertility
• Loss of decaying vegetation
• Leaching of nutrients
• Abandon plot and begin again in a new location

11
Von Thünen Model (Late 1800s)

• Variation in products by distance from the town,
  with livestock raising farthest away
• Use of land governed by cost of transportation
• First effort to analyze the spatial character of
  economic activity

12
Third Agriculture Revolution(Green Revolution)

• Began in U.S. Midwest, then applied to less
  wealthy countries
• Increased technology in agriculture (fertilizer,
  pesticides, etc.)
• Invention of high-yield grains, especially rice,
  wheat, corn

13
Average Daily Calorie Consumption per Capita
14
Critics of the Green Revolution

• They say new technology has caused
• Soil erosion
• Dependency on chemicals for production
• Loss of control over seeds to agribusiness
• More genetically modified (GM) crops

15
World Climates(Köppen Classification System)
16
World Agriculture
17
Agribusiness

• Commercial agriculture
• Large-scale farming and ranching operations that
  employ vast land bases, large mechanized
  equipment, factory-type labor forces, and the
  latest technology

18
Example of Fair Trade Agriculture

• Fair trade Coffee
• produced by certified fair-trade farmers, who
  then sell the coffee directly to foreign
  importers
• Guarantees a fair trade price
• Purchase commitment by Starbucks and other chains