Basic%20Themes%20of%20Chapter%2030

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Basic Themes of Chapter 30

• The Cold War (1945 to 1991)
• Polarization of the world into American and
  Soviet camps
• Nuclear weapons gave the struggle for world
  dominance a new element
• Decolonization
• Underdeveloped countries throw of old European
  masters
• Struggle to gain independence
• These countries get caught in the middle of the
  Cold War struggle

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Basic Themes of Chapter 30 (continued)

• For Western Europe, the Cold War has Two Phases
• 1st Phase 1950s and early 1960s
• a great economic recovery and remarkable
  political stability in Western Europe
• 2nd Phase late 1960s and early 1970s
• Economic progress stagnates damaging social and
  political unity
• Cold War turns to its hottest phase

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I. Picking Up the Pieces After WWII
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1a) Nuremberg War Tribunal

• Interesting International Question Here.
• Why was this city chosen?

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1b) Zionism

• What is the greatest asset of the Zionists in
  1946?
• What is their greatest obstacle?

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Ic). Dealing With Defeated Nations
Germany
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• Germany and Japan were occupied
• Specific breakup of Germany
• Japan flag issue

Berlin
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1d) The United Nations
Security Council (Veto Power) China,
France, England, USSR, U.S.
General Assembly (all members1 vote each)
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II. U.S. versus the Soviet Union
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• ????? ?? ???????!

How did the Two New Super Powers Feel About Each
Other???
I dont trust this commie bastard!!
????? ????????? , Yankee!
Howdy, Ruski!
Elbe River
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Why didnt the U.S. and the U.S.S.R. get along?

• Superpowers ( atomic bomb)
• Race for spheres of influence in the world
• What does that mean?
• Immediate hotspot- Eastern Europe
• Why were so many countries up for grabs?
• Anger over WWII-
• a. Why was Stalin angry?
• b. Why were the Americans angry?
• Historical animosity (the U.S. had tried to put
  down the Russian Revolution)
• Different Political Systems

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Race for Spheres of Influence outside of Europe
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• Why had the allies allowed the Soviets to develop
• such a strong position?
• Teheran (1943) , Yalta (early 1945), and Potsdam
  (mid 1945)
• America and Britain were not in a position of
  power when negotiating with Stalin
• Didnt want a separate German-Soviet peace
• Western Allies got to Germany later
• The Soviets were making the central sacrifice
  against Hitler
• Stalin ended up in possession of Eastern Europe
• No General ever gave up at the conference table
  that which his men has won be blood on the
  battlefield
• American eagerness to bring the boys home at
  the end of the war. Justification for doing so ?
  the atom bomb.

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Churchill Had Actually Foreseen This Problem

• Wanted D-Day to be an attack through the Balkans
• FDR (and Stalin)
• Attack into France
• FDRs plan won out
• Ramifications?
• Divided Europe East-West

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III. Increasing Tension
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Stalin Refused to give up Eastern Europe. Anyone
think of a country in this orange area whose
failure to get its freedom at the end of the war
is a great irony? (at least from the perspective
of England and France?)
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Stalins Attempts to Institute Friendly Regimes
in Eastern Europe Were Particularly Brutal in One
Country

• Can you guess?
• Czechoslovakia
• Why so brutal there?

?
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The IronCurtain
From Stettin in the Balkans, to Trieste in the
Adriatic, an iron curtain has descended across
the Continent. Behind that line lies the ancient
capitals of Central and Eastern Europe.
-- Sir Winston Churchill, 1946
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American Anti-Isolationism

• Britain has abandoned its role as global
  policeman
• U.S. steps in
• U.S. will increasingly become an imperialist-type
  power
• Example
• directly after WWII, U.S. argues that France
  should give up Vietnam since their influence
  hasnt brought any gains to the Vietnamese people
• A mere ten Years Later, when France agrees to
  leave Vietnam, U.S. policy has shifted so greatly
  that the U.S. enters Vietnam to prevent a
  communist takeover of the country

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Were American fears justified?

• Yes
• There were growing communist parties in western
  Europe
• Soviet Union had a shiny glow for many after
  defeating Hitler
• Communism advocates worldwide revolution
• Communism seeks to take away private property
• Wealthy in Europe and the U.S. threatened
• The Soviet Union is a surviving Totalitarian
  state, which means
• Censorship, propaganda, secret police, etc.
• Soviets get the A-Bomb in 1949
• After Yugoslavia bucked being a Stalinist puppet,
  Stalin cracked down and forced a very strict
  doctrine on other Communist govs
• No
• Soviets had been CRUSHED in WWII
• Economy is MUCH weaker than the United States
• Much of the aggressive action of the Soviet
  Union can be traced to their paranoia after
  having been invaded time and again by other
  nations

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IV. First Clashes
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The Truman Doctrine

• Containment of Communism!!!
• A Response to Stalins Efforts to Pull Turkey,
  Iran, and Greece into the Soviet orbit

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The Marshall Plan
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Why give to Europe?

• Lessons learned after Treaty of Versailles
• Convince countries to join Americas Sphere of
  Influence
• Democratic Capitalism is the way to go!

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Stalin saw Containment as Encirclement
Damn you, Truman. You are really pissing me off!!!
Hee, hee, hee, hee, hee, hee, hee, hee
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Berlin Blockade Airlift (1948-49)

• Stalin Figured if you are going to contain me,
  Ill contain you!
• closed the roads into West Berlin
• Another reason for the Berlin blockade
• West Berlin presented a problem for Totalitarian
  style gov. in Eastern Europe
• Do you see why?

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• The Berlin Airlift Broke Stalins Blockade
• As tensions rose, NATO was formed. The Warsaw
  Pact was formed in response.
• 1 plane per minute, 24 hours a day, for 9 months
  
• In the end, Stalin removed his blockade the
  Western Allies could fly to Berlin
• To understand why Stalin gave in, keep in mind
  that there is a battle in progress for the hearts
  and minds of the decolonizing nations
• Any bad press hurts
• Trying to blockade and having these efforts fail
  is humiliating
• Berlin will remain a flashpoint

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Western Bloc NATOEastern Bloc Warsaw Pact
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So why is it called a Cold War?

• Brinksmanship
• Moving towards war between the U.S. and Soviet
  War (without going across the brink) in an
  attempt to make the other guy blink
• Berlin Airlift
• Cuban Missile Crisis
• Proxy Wars
• Indirect fights between the superpowers through
  third countries
• Korea
• Vietnam
• Afghanistan
• Many, many other smaller ones
• Arms Race
• Flex your muscles/weapons without having to use
  them
• ICBMs
• Spies, etc.
• Keep one step ahead of the enemy

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Slightly More Formal Definition of the Cold War

• An attempt by the Soviet Union and the United
  States to spread their respective economic,
  political, and social models to the rest of the
  globe without resorting to direct nuclear
  conflict.

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The Importance of 1949

• Soviets conducted a successful test of the atom
  bomb
• Rosenbergs
• China falls to Communism
• Mao Zedong
• Failure of the Truman Doctrine
• America becomes determined to put teeth into
  its defenses
• Red Scare

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Hansen Name ____________________AP Euro
Period _________ Intro to the Cold War
(Note-Taking Guide)

• ? U.S. Versus the Soviet Union
• Why didnt the U.S. and the U.S.S.R. get along?
• __________________ ( atomic bomb)
• Race for _________________________ in the world
• What does that mean? _______________________
  _________________________________________
• Immediate hotspot- _____________________
• Why were so many countries up for grabs? _______
  __________________________________________
• Anger over WWII-
• Why was Stalin angry? _______________________
• Why were the Americans angry? _______________
• Historical animosity (the U.S. had tried to put
  down the _____________________)
• Different ____________________________
• Why had the allies allowed the Soviets to develop
  such a strong position?
• Teheran (1943) , Yalta (early 1945), and Potsdam
  (mid 1945)
• America and Britain were _________________________
  ___ when negotiating with Stalin
• Didnt want a separate ___________ peace
• Western Allies ___________________________
• The Soviets were making the _______________
  against Hitler
• Stalin ended up _______________ Eastern Europe

• ? Basic Themes of Chapter 30
• The Cold War (1945 to 1991)
• Polarization of the world into _________________
  camps
• _______________gave the struggle for world
  dominance a new element
• Decolonization
• ______________________ threw of old European
  masters
• Struggle to gain independence
• These countries get ________________________ of
  the Cold War struggle
• For Western Europe, the Cold War has Two Phases
• 1st Phase 1950s and early 1960s
• a _____________________ and remarkable
  _______________ in Western Europe
• 2nd Phase late 1960s and early 1970s
• ________________________________ damaging social
  and political unity
• Cold War turns to its ______________
• ? Picking Up the Pieces After WWI
• Nuremberg War Tribunal
• Zionism

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• ? III. Increasing Tension
• Stalin Refused to give up _______________. Anyone
  think of a country in this orange area whose
  failure to get its freedom at the end of the war
  is a great irony? (at least from the perspective
  of _______________________________-?)
• _____________________________
• Stalins Attempts to Institute Friendly Regimes
  in Eastern Europe Were Particularly Brutal in One
  Country
• Can you guess?
• _______________________________
• Why so brutal there? _______________________
  _________________________________________
• The Iron Curtain- ________________________________
  ___________ ______________________________________
  ___________________
• American Anti-Isolationism
• Britain has abandoned its role as global
  policeman
• ______________________
• U.S. will increasingly become an ________________
  power
• Example
• directly after WWII, U.S. argued that France
  should ____________________ since their influence
  hasnt brought any gains to the Vietnamese people
• A mere ___________________, when France agreed to
  leave Vietnam, U.S. policy has shifted so greatly
  that the U.S. _________________________________
  _________________________________
• Were American Fears Justified?
• Yes
• There __________________________ in western
  Europe
• Soviet Union had ______________________ for many
  after defeating Hitler

• ? IV. First Clashes
• The Truman Doctrine
• ___________________ of Communism!!!
• A Response to Stalins Efforts to Pull
  _________________ ___________________________
  into the Soviet orbit
• The Marshal Plan- ________________________________
  __ _______________________________________________
  _
• Why Give to Europe?
• Lessons learned after ____________
  ______________________
• Convince countries to
  join Americas Sphere of
  Influence
• ___________________
  is the way to go!
• Stalin saw Containment as _________________
• Berlin Blockade and Airlift __________
• Stalin Figured if you are going to contain me,
  ____________!
• closed the roads ____________________
• Another reason for the Berlin blockade
• West Berlin presented a problem for _____________
  _______________. in Eastern Europe
• Do you see why? - ____________________________
  ___________________________________________
• The Berlin Airlift Broke Stalins Blockade
• As tensions rose, _____________________. The
  ________________ was formed in response.

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• So why is it called a Cold War?
• Brinksmanship
• Moving towards war between the U.S. and Soviet
  War (without going across the brink) in an
  attempt to __________________________________
• __________________________
• ________________Missile Crisis
• Proxy Wars
• ____________________ between the superpowers
  through _____________________
• Korea
• _______________
• _______________
• Many, many other smaller ones
• Arms Race
• Flex your muscles/weapons without having to use
  them
• _____________
• Spies, etc.
• Keep one step ahead of the enemy
• Slightly More Formal Definition of the Cold War
• An attempt by the Soviet Union and the United
  States to spread their respective
  _________________________ ______________________
  to the rest of the globe without resorting to
  direct nuclear conflict.