Gene, MicroArray and GAs

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Gene, MicroArray and GAs

• Ashish Anand
• Kanpur Genetic Algorithms Laboratory (KanGAL)
• IIT Kanpur

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Overview

• What are Genes ?
• Why study Genes ?
• What is MicroArray ?
• How it is Helping ?
• Where does GA comes ?

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What are Genes ?

• Alphabet of 4 letters A T G C , called
  nucleotide bases
• DNA
• Sequences of ATGC
• Double stranded, helical structure
• Complementary Properties of Alphabets
• E.g. A T G C C
• T A C G G
• Gene Nothing but DNA sequence

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Why Study Gene ?

• Central Dogma of Biology
• DNA mRNA Protein
• mRNA Sequence of 4 letters A U G C
• Protein Sequence of 20 Amino Acids
• Gene Encodes Proteins
• Regulates functioning of whole system

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What is MicroArray ?

• A small glass slide or nylon substrates
• Each small square represents 1 gene
• Uses Complementary Property of DNA sequence
• A technology to study large no of Genes in one GO
• Gives quantitative measure of Gene Expression

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MicroArray Contd.

• Many Technologies
• Two Color Vs One Color
• Affymetrix widely used

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How MicroArray is Helping?

• An idea of changed expression levels of genes in
• Treated/Disease/Mutant/Knock-out Vs
  Untreated/Normal/Wild-type
• Different Tissues/Cells
• Different Developmental Stages
• Co-expressed Genes gives an idea of Gene
  Regulatory Network
• Functional roles of different genes and their
  participation in different cellular and
  biological processes.
• Diagnosis of disease like different cancer types

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Where Does GA comes Few Examples

• Classification Problems
• Modeling of Gene Regulatory Network

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• Thank you