FutureGen Initiative Pathway to Near-Zero Emissions

1
FutureGen InitiativePathway to Near-Zero
Emissions

• Federal Laboratory Consortium Mid-Atlantic
  Regional Meeting
• Rocky Gap, MD
• September 20, 2006

Thomas A. Sarkus, FutureGen Project
Director National Energy Technology Laboratory
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Energy Quality of Life Poverty Reduces Global
Security
World Resources Institute Database, accessed June
1, 2005 http//earthtrends.wri.org/searchable_db/
3
Coal Use Linked to Economic Growth
GDP
Coal-Fired Generation
Electricity Generation
Total Energy Consumption
GDP U.S. DOC, Bureau of Economic
Analysis Energy Electricity EIA, Annual
Energy Review 2003
4
Coal Use Translates to Reliable, Affordable
Electricity
9.8 2
5.8 4
5.6 94
6.6 56
11.9 11
6.2 69
6.3 1

7.1 79
4.9 0
6.5 6
7.2 56
5.1 95
8.0 54
6.3 77
5.4 66
6.8 86
8.3 53
5.7 94
6.6 44
5.2 98
5.7 95
6.5 46
7.3 74
10.6 1
6.3 84
5.7 83
7.1 57
4.6 90
6.1 68
6 55
6.4 47
NH 12.1 9 RI 11.1 0 CT 11.6 12 NJ
9.8 14 MA 11.6 25 VT 11.1 0 DE
7.0 74 MD 7.2 51
5.7 45
7.5 41
7.2 88
6.9 68
5.9 56
7.0 37
Average Retail Price Per Kilowatt Hour
Percent of Total Generation From Coal
8.1 39
7.1 22
8.6 29
11.3 10
16.7 15
DOE/EIA Table 5.6B, 2005 data, average retail
price of electricity Tables 1.6.A and 1.7.A,
percent of total generation from coal Updated
August 2006
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Air Emission Trends and ProjectionsAnnual U.S.
Air Emissions and Coal Use
Coal Use
Coal Use, NOx and SO2 Emissions (Index 1970 1)
Mercury Emissions (tons)
Mercury
NOx
SO2
Historical data (19702000) Coal consumption and
electricity generation per DOE EIA, AER 2003 NOx
and SO2 per EPA Air Trends Report
http//www.epa.gov/air/airtrenda/econ-emissions.ht
ml Projected data (20032020) Coal consumption
and electricity generation per DOE EIA, AEO
2005 NOx and SO2 per EPA projections under CAIR
http//www.epa.gov/interstateairquality/charts.htm
l Mercury per EPA Clean Air Mercury Rule
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Evolution of Coal-Fired Power Plants
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FutureGen Objectives
Worlds first near zero-emission, coal-based
power plant to

• Pioneer advanced hydrogen production from coal
• Emit virtually no air pollutants
• Capture and permanently sequester carbon dioxide
• Integrate operations at full-scale a key step
  to proving feasibility

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FutureGen Concept
CO2
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FutureGen Will Build Upon Experience from
Commercial-Scale Coal-Based IGCC Power Plants

• Wabash River
• W. Terre Haute, IN
• Operations began 11/95
• 1996 Powerplant Award
• 296 MWe (gross) 262 MWe (net)
• Tampa Electric
• Mulberry, FL
• Operations began 9/96
• 1997 Powerplant Award
• 315 MWe (gross) 250 MWe (net)

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FutureGen Will Build on Two Non-Integrated One
Million TPY CO2 Sequestration Projects

• Weyburn CO2 EOR Project
• Pan Canadian Resources
• 200-mile CO2 pipeline from Dakota Gasification
  Plant
• Enhanced Oil Recovery in Canada over 20 years
• Sleipner North Sea Project
• Statoil
• CO2 sequestered (1996-2000)
• Currently monitoring CO2 migration
• Separates CO2 from natural gas
• 3650 / tonne CO2 tax

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Geologic Carbon Sequestration

• Thousands of Years of Storage Capacity
• Coal Seams and Shales 18 GT
• Oil and Gas Reservoirs 27 GT
• Saline Formations 6,700 GT
• Value Added Products in Potential Sinks
• Oil 16 billion barrels of oil during
  sequestration in favorable fields
• Coal Seams 126 TCF CBM during sequestration in
  unmineable coal seams
• Carbon Sequestration Atlas for the U.S.
• NATCARB Regional Atlases Available Online
• www.natcarb.org

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Cutting-Edge Candidate RD Technologies for
FutureGen

• Traditional Technology Research Invention
  Examples
• Commercial Gasifier ? ? ? ? ?
  ? Advanced Transport Reactor
• Cryogenic Air Separation ? ? ? ? ? O2
  Membranes
• Gas Stream Clean-Up ? ? ? ? ? ? Raw Gas
  Shift Reactor
• Amine Scrubbers ? ? ? ? ? ? ? H2
  Membranes, Clathrate CO2
• Syngas Turbine ? ? ? ? ? ?
  ? Ultra-Low NOx Hydrogen Turbine
• Fuel Cell (4,000/kW) ? ? ? ? ? ? SECA
  Fuel Cell (400/kW Design)
• EOR Based ? ? ? ? ? ? ?
  ? Sequestration Technology
• Plant Controls ? ? ? ? ? ? ? Smart
  Dynamic Plant Controls CO2 Management
  Systems
• System Integration ? ? ? ? ?
  ? First of a Kind System Integration

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FutureGen Industrial Alliance, Inc.Signed
Cooperative Agreement with DOE on Dec. 2, 2005

• American Electric Power
• AngloAmerican
• BHP Billiton
• China Huaneng Group
• CONSOL Energy

• Foundation Coal
• Peabody Energy
• PPL
• Rio Tinto Energy America
• Southern Company

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FutureGen Project Schedule
Siting, NEPA, and Permitting
Project Structuring Conceptual Design
Final Design
Facilities Construction
Preliminary Design
Plant Start-Up Shakedown
Phase 2 Cooperative Agreement Negotiations
Initial Full Scale Plant Operations
Full Scale Plant Operation Continues
NEPA ROD July 2007
Site Monitoring
Limited Cooperative Agreement Awarded
Full Scope Cooperative Agreement Awarded
Final Site Selection Long Lead Time
Orders September, 2007
Construction Start July 2009
Operations Start July 2012
Jan 31, 2007
July 2016
July 2018
January 2008
Dec. 2, 2005
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FutureGen Funds / Estimated Costs
Cost Elements Million
Plant Definition, Baselining NEPA 81
Plant Procurement Construction 480
Shakedown Full-Scale Operation 188
Sequestration (Design Construction) 191
Site Monitoring 10
TOTAL 950
DOE Industry International
620 250 80
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FutureGen Status

• Industry-led cooperative project with government
  oversight international participation
• Industry will choose project site, backbone
  technologies, etc.
• DOE has invited other nations to join FutureGen
• Govts of India South Korea have each pledged
  10 Million

Tuscola
Mattoon
Illinois
Odessa
Brazos
Texas
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Carbon Sequestration Leadership Forum

• Forum for planning international multi-lateral
  sequestration projects including FutureGen
• Ministerial-level representatives
• Charter for RD cooperation signed June 25, 2003
• Australia, Brazil, Canada, China, Colombia,
  Denmark, European Commission, France, Germany,
  India, Italy, Japan, Korea, Mexico, Netherlands,
  Norway, Russia, Saudi Arabia, South Africa,
  United Kingdom United States

• Benefits of international Involvement in Future
  Gen
• Enrich intellectual talent pool
• Maximize global applicability and acceptance
• Leverage funds
• Help build consensus on climate change

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Questions/Discussion