DERMATOLOGY

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DERMATOLOGY

• MISCELLANEOUS TOPICS

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Seborrhea

• Normal skin cell turnover 3 weeks
• Time period is shortened in seborrhea
• Accelerated (few days) gt build up of keratin
  (dead cells) gt flakes
• Altered sebaceous gland secretions
• Normal secretion of oil in or near hair follicles
  enriches skin

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Seborrhea
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Seborrhea

• Causes
• Primary hereditary as in Amer. Cocker Spaniel,
  Eng. Springer Spaniel, Westies, Basset Hounds
• Secondary disease/injury to skin from other
  causes
• Allergies, parasites, nutritional disorders,
  immune-mediated, endocrine disorders
  (hypothyroidism)
• Types
• Seborrhea sicca dry, only scaliness
• Seborrhea oleosa oily scales

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Seborrhea sicca
DRY and SCALY
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Seborrhea oleosa
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Seborrhea Treatment

• Medicated shampoos
• Reduce scaling sulfur and salicylic acid
  (keratolytic, keratoplastic), selenium sulphide
  (keratoplastic, keratolytic, antifungal,
  degreasing)
• Conditioners
• Clip hair so shampoo can penetrate
• If secondary, treat underlying cause
• Antifungal and/or antibacterial meds
• Omega-3 fatty acid supplements
• Anti-inflammatory, anti-pruritic properties

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Seborrheic Fungal Dermatitis

• Malassezia species
• Normal in small amounts on the skin
• Cause infection when skin surface
  altered/abnormal or immunosuppressed
• Diagnosed by cytology (stained slides)
• Samples can be obtained via tape prep or
  impression smear
• Tx
• 2 miconazole/2 chlorhexidine shampoo
• Selenium sulphide
• Other Antifungals ketoconazole, clotrimazole,
  miconazole
• Oral ketoconazole

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Seborrheic Fungal Dermatitis
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Atopy (Atopic dermatitis)

• Defintion Allergy to inhaled environmental
  substances and manifested through irritation of
  skin and ears, usually starting at 1-2 yrs of age
• Allergens
• Dust mites
• Pollens
• Feathers
• Molds
• Animal and human dander
• Tobacco smoke
• Clinical Signs
• Pruritus
• Self-trauma to skin /- secondary bacterial
  infection
• Staining of hair from saliva
• Licking/chewing feet
• Alopecia, scaling, hyperpigmentation

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Atopy

• Dx
• Accurate hx critical
• R/o food allergies, flea allergy dermatitis,
  sarcoptic mange, contact dermatitis BEFORE
  diagnosis of atopy can be made
• Intradermal skin testing most accurate to
  identify offending allergen
• Tx No cure
• ID and eliminate cause best treatment
• ATOPICA contains cyclosporin A
  (immunosuppressor), Anti-inflammatory and
  antipruritic
• Treat any bacterial or fungal infections before
  using immune suppressive drugs
• Medication (steroids, Abs) and allergy shots
  (desensitization)
• Omega 3 fatty acids
• Antihistamines-more effective if given before
  symptoms occur

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Atopy
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• Alopecia and hyperpigmentation of the muzzle.

• Alopecia and erythema of the periocular skin and
  alopecia, erythema, and hyperpigmentation of the
  muzzle.

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Atopy Appearance
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Skin Testing
Skin testing is performed to identify the
allergens involved in allergic disease. Under
profound sedation an area of hair on the chest is
shaved and small injections of substances known
to be possible allergens made. After 15-20
minutes the reactions are recorded
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Food Allergies

• 10 of all allergies
• Usually starts between 2-6 yrs
• Processed foods increase likelihood of reaction
• Fillers, artificial colors, preservatives

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Food allergies in dogs
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Food Allergies

• Dx and Tx
• Elimination diets new source of protein for 3
  mo.
• If improves, reintroduce original protein to see
  if symptoms recur confirmation of dx
• Use new diet.
• May develop allergies to new diet later

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Treatment
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Food allergies
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Treatment

• Foods can be obtained based on venision and
  potato, fish and potato, egg and rice, duck and
  pea, and even kangaroo. Generally recommends duck
  and potato based foods for dogs

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How do you diagnose food intolerance (food
allergy)?

• The patient is fed a hypoallergenic diet for
  60-90 days. This allows the body to become
  desensitized to the offending allergens. When the
  previous diet is fed back to the pet, an acute
  hypersensitivity reaction may occur. This helps
  to identify that a food was the source of the
  allergic signs

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Evaluating Feline Pruritus

• Feline Food Allergy
• Year round pruritus
• Variable response to steroids
• 10-30 with concurrent GI symptoms
• Common offending proteins
• -Dairy, fish, beef, pork, chicken, rabbit,
  horse, lamb, eggs, clams, "commercial diets"

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Managing Feline Pruritus

• Diagnosing food allergy
• 10 week food trial
• Royal Canin
• Green pea duck/rabbit
• Hills Z/D

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Allergies