Oil and Gas

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Oil and Gas

• Zoe Atkinson

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Oil/Petroleum

• A non-renewable resource
• Widely used in industry, many types of
  transportation, and residentially
• Made up of Carbon, Hydrogen, Nitrogen, Oxygen,
  and Sulfur, and minimal traces of Metals
• Is obtained by drilling into land or ocean crust
  and pumping oil out

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Oil pipelines are often used to transport oil
within a country or continent.
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How it is Made

• A Fossil Fuel created by the fossilization of
  organic materials such as vegetation, plankton,
  and other animals, this matter is called Biomass
• Biomass was deposited on the earths surface
  millions of years ago and was covered with thick
  layers of sedimentary rock
• Intense heat and pressure turns the organic
  matter into Kerogen, then with more heat and
  pressure into oil, and when even more heat and
  pressure is added it turns into natural gas

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Uses

• Petroleum is refined and used in many different
  types of fuels such as gasoline, diesel, jet
  fuel, and kerosene, these fuels are burned to
  provide energy
• Used in various Lubricants
• In wax form as packaging of frozen foods
• Street Asphalt
• Paraffin Wax
• Sulfur and Sulfuric Acid

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Oil Usage per Capita
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Wealth

• Petroleum is a limited resource which is vital to
  our way of life and therefore it is very
  expensive
• Oil costs about 80 a barrel at this time
• Petroleum deposits are concentrated in different
  areas around the world which makes certain
  countries very reliant on oil profits
• The uneven distribution of oil resources has
  cause countless political issues
• The top exporters are Saudi Arabia, Russia, and
  Norway
• Canada is the 15th highest exporter of oil

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Oil Exports
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Oil Spills

• Oil is often transported by huge barges across
  our oceans and these barges can leak or sink
• Contaminates the water and kills marine life
• Covers marine birds and prevents them from
  flying, and they can die from ingesting the oil
  when they try to clean themselves
• Oil covers sea otters fur and fills in the air
  pockets leaving them vulnerable to hypothermia
• Oil can plug the blow-holes of whales, and stop
  their breathing, whales can also be poisoned by
  eating fish contaminated by oil
• Oil in the water kills thousands of small
  organisms which disrupts the natural food chain

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A drill is being used to pump oil out of the
ground.
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Environmental Effects

• Oil production and transportation can disrupt
  animal communities and destroy land
• Damage to the environment occurs at all stages of
  oil use, searching, drilling, pumping, refining,
  transporting, and consuming the oil
• Oil waste dumping, production pollution, and
  toxic runoff can contaminate water and soil
  killing plants and animals
• When oil is burned it produces carbon dioxide
  which builds up in the atmosphere creating the
  greenhouse gas effect and global warming
• The combustion of oil also produces sulfur
  dioxide and nitrogen dioxide which seep into air
  moisture and fall as acid rain which destroys
  buildings and crops

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Solutions

• Worldwide, we need to greatly reduce our usage of
  oil and petroleum products
• Only use renewable, less polluting energy sources
  such as hydro, solar, wind, or wave energy
• Walk or take public transportation when possible
• Eliminate the use of disposable plastic items
  such as bags, cutlery, toys, food packaging, etc.
• Buy local goods to eliminate transportation
• Invest in researching alternative energy sources
  especially ones that could be used in
  transportation such as Biofuel, or hydrogen
  combustion
• Educate others about the problem and solutions

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Sources

• http//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oil
• http//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Synthetic_oil
• http//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PetroleumExport
• http//library.thinkquest.org/CR0215471/oil_spills
  .htm
• http//www1.american.edu/ted/projects/tedcross/xoi
  lpr15.htm
• http//postconflict.unep.ch/sudanreport/sudan_webs
  ite/doccatcher/data/Photographs20Figures20and20
  Captions20by20Chapter/Ch7/Chapter20photos/7.4d
  20Waste20oil20discharged20DSC_0138.JPG
• http//library.thinkquest.org/CR0214752/problems-2
  .html

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