Enabling Deep Demand Response With Supply-Following Loads

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Enabling Deep Demand ResponseWith
Supply-Following Loads

• Jay Taneja (with Prabal Dutta and David Culler)
• University of California, Berkeley

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Multi-scale Energy Network
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Sources and Loads
Dispatchable Sources
Non-Dispatchable Sources
Oblivious Loads
Aware Loads
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California Energy Mix

• Renewables Portfolio Standard (RPS)
• 36 of 50 states have set goals
• Near-term goals range from 10 to 25
• California RPS
• 2008 10
• 2010 20
• 2020 33

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Wind Ramping
From a wind farm in Minnesota
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How to Solve This?

• Co-locate with energy storage
• Companion dispatchable energy sources
• Increase demand-side management
• Supply-following Loads
• Dispatch energy loads using deeply embedded
  sensors and actuators

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Dispatchable Loads

• Thermostatically-Controlled Loads
• Maintain the temperature between predetermined
  constraints
• Duty-cycled or variable-drive load often using
  closed-loop feedback

• Scheduled with Slide Loads
• Schedule for completion at some point in the
  future
• Flexibility of load determined by user
  requires change of expectation

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Measuring Slack

• Slack is the potential of an energy load to be
  advanced or deferred
• Measurement in energy (kWh, J, etc.)
• Provides a metric for control decisions, allows
  optimization against different criteria

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Fridge Deployment

• 18 cu. ft. General Electric Refrigerator/Freezer
  (at my house!)
• Four Telos motes with Rel. Humidity,
  Temperature, and Light Sensors
• One ACme electricity meter for power
  measurements
• Devices on an ad-hoc, IPv6-compatible network
  (6LoWPAN - blip)

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Thermostatically-Controlled
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Scheduled with Slide
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Heating a House
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Heater Guardband
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Supply-Following Heater
Oblivious
Supply-Following Supercool
Supply-Following Wide Guardband
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Heater Energy Comparison
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A Population of Fridges
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Future Directions

• Reinforcement Learning controller
• Modeling slack of large-scale Cory Hall loads
  (e.g. chillers, air handlers, etc.)
• Actuation on Cory Hall thermostats
• Building the Intelligent Power Switch using an
  appliance-level battery

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Questions?

• Contact Jay Taneja lttaneja_at_cs.berkeley.edugt

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Renewables By Hour of Day