What you MUST know before the development

1
What you MUST know before learning database
systems development
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Why study MIS?

• Information Age
• Bill Gates (how much rich?), List of GDP
• Major TANGIBLE product of Microsoft
• Information age phenomena
• Population of facebook.com 800 million active
  user
• US 310 million
• Average American relies on more than 300
  computers per day
• 45 - 50 Fortune 500 companies are IT
• 490 credit card number and PIN
• 147 drivers license number

3
Why study MIS?

• Globalization
• Dramatic increase of global management
• Organizational Change
• Downsizing (less hierarchical)
• Less traditional middle management
• Speed
• Impossible without IT

4
Why study database?

• Information Age
• Unthinkable without data
• About 1.8 zettabytes (1.8 trillion gigabytes) of
  data generated in 2011
• And 50 times by 2020 (90 zettabytes)
• Data generated by 2.1 billion websites, SNS,
  online banking, Amazon..
• Population of facebook.com 800 million active
  user
• US 310 million

5
Why study database?

• SOX (Sarbanes-Oxley) Act of 2002
• Mandates strict reforms to improve financial
  disclosures to prevent accounting fraud.
• Accounting frauds by Enron, Tyco, and WorldCom
  (see the next slide) in the early 2000s.
• Section 409
• Requires disclosure to the public on a rapid
  and current basis of material changes in an
  organizations financial condition.
• impossible without fast, accurate, and responsive
  database systems

6
WorldCom scandal

• Fierce competitors to ATT and Sprint
• Used to have
• 88,000 employees
• 60,000 miles of telephone lines around the world
• Revenue of 40 billion
• Collapsed because of the accounting fraud
• 11 billion
• One of the biggest (second Lehman Brothers,
  ENRON)
• A main trigger
• Simple fail to integrate four different billing
  DB systems
• Kaiser Northern, CA vs Southern, CA

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Another example

• Denver Airport Baggage Logistics IS
• Twice the size of Manhattan, NY
• 10 times wider than London airport
• Scheduled to open Oct 1993
• Delayed 16 months because of DB problem
• Data integrity problem delivering luggage to
  wrong place
• Original price 1.7 billion
• Final cost more than 5 billion

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Stakeholders Players in the Systems Game

• A stakeholder is any person who has an interest
  in an existing or proposed information system.
  Stakeholders can be technical or nontechnical
  workers. They may also include both internal and
  external workers.
• System owners
• System users
• System designers
• System builders
• Systems analysts (project managers)

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System Owners

• System owners information systems sponsor,
  usually responsible for funding the project of
  developing, operating, and maintaining the
  information system.
• Top Management (CEO, CFO, CIO)
• Primary Concerns
• - how much will the system cost?
• - how much value or what benefits will the
  system return to the business?

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System Users

• System users
• a customer who will use or is affected by a
  system on a regular basis
• Primary concern get the job done using the
  system
• Internal users
• Clerical and service workers, technical and
  professional staff, supervisors, middle managers,
  and executive managers
• External users
• suppliers, partners, online customers

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System Designers and System Builders

• System designer a technical specialist who
  translates users business requirements and
  constraints into technical solution.
• DBAs, Network architects, web designers, security
  experts
• System builders a technical specialist who
  constructs information systems and components
  based on the design specifications generated by
  the system designers.
• Programmers (applications, systems, and DB),
  network administrators, web masters..

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Systems Analysts (can be you!)

• (DB) Systems analyst a specialist who studies
  the problems and needs of an organization to
  determine how people, data, processes, and
  information technology can best accomplish
  improvements for the business.
• Roles
• Bridge (facilitator next slide) between
  management and technical specialist
• Understand both business and computing
• Initiate change within an organization
• Ultimately, a problem solver

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The Systems Analyst as a Facilitator
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Skills Needed by the Systems Analyst

• Ideal SA (or CIO) for museum with art background
• financial services Econ, business entities MIS,
  supply chain logistics logistics
• Good interpersonal communication skills
• Business writing class
• Technical business skill class
• Good interpersonal relation skills
• Flexibility and adaptability
• Working knowledge of (existing and emerging) IT
• Computer programming experience and expertise
• General business problem-solving skills