Francisco Franco aka El Caudillo (The Leader)

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Francisco Francoaka El Caudillo (The Leader)

• And the causes and effects of the Spanish Civil
  War

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SPANISH CIVIL WAR

• (1936-1939)
• First Spanish Republic (1873-1887)
• Monarchy (1887-1931)
• Military Dictatorship (1923-1931)
• Second Republic (1931-1936)
• Political fragmentation communists, anarchists,
  monarchists, fascists, republicans

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Background of Franco

• Born December 4th, 1892
• Family was conservative upper-middle class, Roman
  Catholic
• Entered military academy at age 14 and continued
  his military career throughout his life
• Married with one daughter
• Stationed in Morocco and in 1923 becomes a
  national hero for ending the Moroccan revolt

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The Beginnings of the Civil War

• 1931-The Spanish monarchy falls when King Alfonso
  XIII abdicates and goes into exile. The monarchy
  had been weak for some time, but was kept in
  power by a military dictatorship.
• Different groups within Spain fight for control,
  meanwhile the country falls into economic
  depression with the rest of the world.
• By 1936, the leftist party (The Popular Front)
  have won control of the government.

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There was poverty and unrest. Many felt that a
communist government might hold answers to
relieve the misery
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A Quick Guide to the Parties

• Republicans This group had the support of the
  Soviet Union and Mexico. Also called Loyalists,
  The Popular Front, The Government and Reds (by
  their enemies)
• Nationalists This group had the support of
  Italy, Germany and Portugal. These were the
  rebels lead by Franco. Basis of the party were
  the ideas of the Falange

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War Begins

• Nationalists plot to overthrow the government,
  Franco decides to join the rebellion.
• The civil war begins when military rebellion is
  announced.
• The far right party, Falange, looks to Hitler and
  Mussolini for support.
• The Civil War lasts around 3 years, during that
  time, Franco sets up a joint German-Italian staff
  and unites the Nationalists.
• The Catholic Church supports the Nationalists and
  Franco.

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Those who were on the left were also against the
power of the Catholic church. As a result,
thousands of nuns and priests were slaughtered.
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The Horror of War

• One of the most notorious actions of the war-the
  bombing of the Guernica in 1937
• Guernica was targeted because it was the cultural
  capital of the Basque people-who had been a
  source of resistance against the Nationalists.
• 25 German bombers dropped 100,000 pounds of
  explosives on the town along with machine gun
  fire.
• 70 of the town was destroyed and 1,600 people
  were killed (about 1/3 of the population)

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Hitler sent his famous Condor Legion. This was
a group of skilled pilots with new planes that
were skilled at dive bombing..
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They bombed the city of Guernica and slaughtered
the inhabitants. Women and children were killed.
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A group of women and children. They were lifted
high into the air, maybe 20 feet or so, and they
started to break up. Legs, arms, heads, and bits
and pieces flying everywhere.
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The painting is almost the size of one wall of
your classroom. It is done in black, grey, and
white.
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The Bull in the painting is a symbol of Spain.
The bull observes the destruction in front of
him.
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The fallen warrior is from the legend of
Parsifalwhose sword breaks in half at the
crucial moment of battle.
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The fallen warrior is also laid out in a crucifix
position
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The slashes on the horse are representative of
newsprintthe newspaper that lists those who have
died.
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The light in the middle of the painting may mean
violence
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There are terrible imagesa woman holding a dead
child.
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A person burning in a fire
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Some say that Picasso painting an open door so
that he could escape from the violence.
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Guernica has come to be one of the most famous
paintings of our modern age--
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Salvador Dali (1936) Soft Construction with Beans
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The Face of War, by Salvador Dali
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The End of War

• The war ends on April 1st, 1939 when the city of
  Madrid is captured.
• Franco seizes control of the government and
  marshall law is declared until 1948.
• Spain is in ruin after the war war debt, 500,000
  people dead and the infrastructure is destroyed.

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Spain After the Civil War

• Franco still allied ideologically with Hitler
  and Mussolini.
• Spain is more or less neutral in WWII-mostly due
  to the fact that Spain does not have the military
  power or money to contribute.
• Franco is seen as an anti-communist ally to the
  United States after WWII.

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FRANCISCO FRANCO

• One State! One Country! One Chief! Franco!
  Franco! Franco!
• Generalisimo commander in chief
• Criticism Treason
• Universal Suffrage eliminated
• Political Parties outlawed
• Catholic Church restored

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Importance of the Civil War Outside of Spain

• Several things come into play
• Spain is seen as a rehearsal for WWII.
• Nazis practice using their weaponry-case in point
  would be the fire bombings at Guernica.
• This Civil War becomes a symbol of the growing
  world wide struggle between fascism and
  democracy.

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Spain After the Civil War

• In 1947, the monarchy is reinstated with Franco
  as head of the government.
• Franco resigns control of the government in 1973
  and dies on Nov. 20th, 1975

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Legacy of Franco

• Some in Spain feel Franco did a lot of good for
  the country, the majority feel that Francos
  regime was not so great.
• Repression of political opponents was common in
  the Franco regime-up to 100,000 may have been
  shot without a trial.
• The world saw Franco as cooperative-Spain was
  admitted to the UN in 1955 and was on friendly
  terms with the United States.
• Today a democratic Spain chooses to look to the
  future and not the past-many crimes committed are
  still unknown.