ENERGY

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ENERGY
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Bellringer 10

• Heat always transfers
• a. From cold to hot objects.
• b. In a random pattern.
• c. From hot to cold objects.
• Ocean currents, wind, and plate tectonics are all
  a result of this type of heat transfer
• a. Conduction
• b. Convection
• c. Radiation
• Energy
• a. The ability to do work
• b. Cannot be created or destroyed.
• c. Is transferred from one form to another.
• d. ALL of the above.

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Energy The ability to do work

• How is energy involved in the following picture?

The tennis player does work On her racket
The racket does work on the ball
The ball does work on the net
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STATES OF ENERGY
1. Kinetic -
The energy of motion, when energy is being
transferred.
The faster the motion, the more kinetic energy it
has.
Depends on mass and velocity
Increase Mass Increase K.E. Increase Velocity
Increase K.E.
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STATES OF ENERGY
Stored Energy or energy that is waiting to be
transferred.
2. Potential -
-Object is not moving or doing work. BUT the
shape or position of the object can change the
amount of potential energy. -When work is done on
an object, potential energy is stored. -Has the
ability to turn into kinetic energy.
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What type of energy does each Picture
demonstrate?
Kinetic When you Swing hammer
Potential
Potential
Kinetic
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Why would a high speed collision cause more
damage than a low speed collision?
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FORMS OF ENERGY

• Mechanical Energy associated with
• motion, anything moving.
• POTENTIAL OR KINETIC

Examples of mechanical energy
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FORMS OF ENERGY
2. Thermal Heat Energy Is Kinetic
Results from friction, causes temperature and
phase changes, ALL OTHER TYPES of energy TURN
INTO THIS.
Solid to Liquid Liquid to Gas
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FORMS OF ENERGY

• Chemical Energy that is released as a result
• of molecular bonds being broken.

A Form of Potential Energy
Examples All forms of fuel (gasoline, coal,
wood, food, radioactive materials)
Photosynthesis, batteries.
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What are three examples of Chemical Energy in
this picture?
1. Wood Burning chemical energy stored in
the wood is used to toast your marshmallows
2. Chemical energy is stored in the
marshmallows sugar molecules.

• When you eat a marshmallow,
• chemical energy stored becomes
• available for you to use.

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FORMS OF ENERGY

• Electrical Energy Energy of moving
• electrons. Is
• always kinetic.

The electrical outlets in your home allow you to
use electrical energy
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FORMS OF ENERGY

• Sound Caused by an objects vibrations.
  Can also be considered mechanical.
• Is potential and kinetic

Example Guitar Strings Vibrating Is potential
and kinetic
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1. Light Produced by the vibrations of
   electrically charged particle that are visible.
   Is kinetic.

LIGHT IS ELECTROMAGNETIC ENERGY
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Electromagnetic Spectrum
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Other Examples of Electromagnetic Energy
Microwave
Infrared
Radio Waves
X-Rays
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FORMS OF ENERGY

• Nuclear energy associated with changes
• in the nucleus of an atom.
• Is potential.

Examples
Suns Energy Nuclear Power Plant
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WHICH FORM OF ENERGY IS REPRESENTED IN EACH
PICTURE?
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Bellringer 1

• Energy that is associated with an objects
  position or energy that is stored is referred to
  as
• a. Kinetic energy
• b. Potential energy
• c. Stationary energy
• Energy that is always kinetic and results from
  friction of objects is referred to as
• a. Heat/Thermal energy
• b. Chemical energy
• c. Nuclear energy
• Energy that is always potential and results from
  the breaking down of molecular bonds is referred
  to as
• a. Electrical energy
• b. Chemical energy
• c. Electromagnetic/Light energy

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BELLRINGERS

1. Define potential and kinetic energy.
2. Name the 7 types of energy and give an example of
   each.
3. Which energy types are potential? Which are
   kinetic? Which are both?
4. Explain the energy tranformations from the sun to
   your alarm clock.
5. Explain the energy transformations from the sun
   to you riding a bike.
6. Explain the energy transformations as a pendulum
   swings.
7. Define renewable and nonrenewable resources and
   give an example of each.

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Energy is that "certain something" inside stuff
(or matter to be more precise) that makes
everything happen. When something or somebody
moves or jumps or falls or explodes or breathes
or thinks or dances or does anything, it's
because energy is being transformed.
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ENERGY CONVERSIONS
A change from one form of energy to another is
called an energy conversion.
Any form of energy can be converted Into any
other form of energy.
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ENERGY CONVERTING FROM POTENTIAL TO KINETIC
MAX PE.
MAX PE.
MAX KE.
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CHEMICAL ENERGY CONVERSIONS

• Chemical energy in food is converted to
• Mechanical energy when you are moving,
• Heat as a result of the movement to maintain body
  temperature (homeostasis)

I think therefore I convert energy
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Chemical Energy Conversions

1. Food(chemical) to Heat/ mechanical
2. Batteries(chemical) to Light/Heat/Sound
3. Gas(chemical) to mechanical/heat/sound

Chemical To ?
Chemical to ?
Chemical to ?
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For anything to happen there has to be a transfer
or change or conversion of Energy.
CHEMICAL/ELECTRICAL ENERGY CONVERSIONS Ex.
BATTERIES
 Chemical energy that was "waiting around", doing
nothing much but "sitting" in the battery being
potential, suddenly starts turning into
electrical energy. The new electrical energy,
formerly known as chemical, zips through some
wires to the electric motor that spins the disc.
Now the energy that used to be electrical has
become the mechanical energy of the spinning
disc.
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Lightning is electrical energy which in turns
into light(electromagnetic) and heat. Most of the
energy is converted to heat. Only a small
percentage of the original energy is converted
into light energy. Heat causes the air to move
very rapidly which in turn causes sound.
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Electrical Energy Conversions
All electrical appliances are converting
electricity.
Name several examples of electrical conversions.
Electrical mechanical
Electrical to sound
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MECHANICAL ENERGY CONVERSIONS
Movement causes friction which causes heat.
Mechanical can turn into mechanical again.
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THERE HAS TO BE AN ENERGY CHANGE TO MAKE THINGS
HAPPEN!
ENERGY CONVERSIONS
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CONSERVATION OF ENERGY
The Law of Conservation of Energy states that
when one form of energy is converted into another
form of energy, no energy is destroyed in the
process.
Energy cannot be Created or Destroyed.
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BELLRINGERS

1. Define potential and kinetic energy.
2. Name the 7 types of energy and give an example of
   each.
3. Which energy types are potential? Which are
   kinetic? Which are both?
4. Explain the energy tranformations from the sun to
   your alarm clock.
5. Explain the energy transformations from the sun
   to you riding a bike.
6. Explain the energy transformations as a pendulum
   swings.
7. Define renewable and nonrenewable resources and
   give an example of each.

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Bellringer 2

• The energy conversion involved with
  photosynthesis is
• a. Nuclear to light to heat to chemical
• b. Light to chemical
• c. Chemical to light
• The energy conversion involved with a flashlight
  is
• a. Electrical to light to heat
• b. Chemical to electrical to light to heat
• c. Light to heat
• The Law of Conservation of Energy states that in
  energy conversions
• a. Energy is used up during conversions
• b. Energy is not transferred from one form to
  another.
• c. Energy is neither created or destroyed only
  changed from one form to another with no energy
  loss.

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Energy Resources a natural resource that can be
converted into energy for use by humans.
Two types of Energy Resources A. Nonrenewable
Resources cannot be replaced after use or takes
millions of years to replace. Fossil Fuels
energy resources that are formed from plants and
animals that lived millions of years ago
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Non-renewable Resources Fossil Fuel
Natural Gas
Coal
SUN!!!
Petroleum (Oil)
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FOSSIL FUEL ENERGY TRANSFER
Plants die Become coal
Nuclear to Light
Light to Chemical
Chemical To Chemical
Chemical
Burn the Coal Chemical tothermal Power plant
Electrical
Mechanical (turn turbines)
Electromagnetic (light)
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NUCLEAR ENERGY
Nuclear power plants do the same job as fossil
fuel powered plants. They use nuclear energy to
power the turbines that make the electricity.
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Renewable Resource an energy resource that can
be replaced in a short amount of time.
WATER
WIND
GEOTHERMAL
BIOMASS
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Solar Energy
Light energy from the Sun is converted to
electrical energy for use in our
homes. Disadvantage Sun is not really a
renewable resource. Advantage Readily available
as of now in all areas of the world. Area of the
World Deserts, plains areas, any area with
abundant sunlight. Arizona, Mexico, California
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Hydroelectric (Water) Energy
Mechanical energy from water in rivers is
converted to electrical power with
dams. Disadvantage Expensive upkeep of
dams. Advantage Readily available to those that
already have dams in place. Area of the World
Hoover Dam most well known in our country.
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Wind Energy
Mechanical energy from wind is converted to
electrical power using wind turbines. Disadvantag
e Expensive and depends on how land is laid
out. Advantage Readily available to those that
already have wind turbines in place. Area of the
World Great Plains, Kansas, Oklahoma.
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Geothermal Energy
Thermal energy from within the Earth that can be
converted to usable energy. Disadvantage Land
dependent, not available to everyone. Advantage
Cost effective. Area of the World Iceland,
Wyoming, Yellowstone National Park.
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Biomass Energy
Chemical energy in plant and animal waste can be
converted to usable energy in the form of
methane, ethanol, bio-diesel, etc. Disadvantage
Does use some food resources increasing prices
for these items. Advantage Readily
available. Area of the World Most places.
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ELECTRICAL ENERGY CONVERSIONS
Nuclear to Thermal
Mechanical to Mechanical
Thermal to Mechanical
Electrical to Heat
Electrical
Pretty
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