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Unit C1

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Unit C1 Basic Principles of Agricultural/Horticultural Science Understanding Soil Texture and Structure Lesson 4 Bell Work How would you describe soil texture? – PowerPoint PPT presentation

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Title: Unit C1


1
Unit C1
  • Basic Principles of Agricultural/Horticultural
    Science

2
Understanding Soil Texture and Structure
  • Lesson 4

3
Bell Work
  • How would you describe soil texture?
  • Why is soil texture so important to Agriculture?
  • What texture soil do you have around your house?

4
Next Generation Science/Common Core Standards
Addressed!
  • CCSS.ELA-Literacy.RST.9-10.4 - Determine the
    meaning of symbols, key terms, and other
    domain-specific words and phrases as they are
    used in a specific scientific or technical
    context relevant to grades 910 texts and topics.
  • CCSS.ELA-Literacy.RST.9-10.5 - Analyze the
    structure of the relationships among concepts in
    a text, including relationships among key terms
    (e.g., force, friction, reaction force, energy).
  • CCSS.ELA-Literacy.RST.9-10.6 - Analyze the
    authors purpose in providing an explanation,
    describing a procedure, or discussing an
    experiment in a text, defining the question the
    author seeks to address.

5
Interest Approach
  • Provide students with various samples of soil.
  • One sample should be nearly all sand
  • One nearly all clay
  • One nearly all silt.
  • Ask students to determine how the samples differ.
  • Would each sample be equally productive?
  • Indicate that the samples vary according to the
    size of soil particles.
  • Ask students how particle size might affect
    various soil properties.

6
Learning Objectives
  • Describe the concept of soil texture and its
    importance.
  • Determine the texture of a soil sample.
  • Describe soil structure, its formation, and
    importance.
  • Identify various soil structures.

7
Important Terms
  • Clods
  • Loam
  • Peds
  • Permeability
  • Soil structure
  • Soil texture
  • Soil workability
  • Textural triangle
  • Water-holding capacity

8
What is soil texture and why is it important?
  • Soil texture is the fineness or coarseness of a
    soil.
  • It describes the proportion of three sizes of
    soil particles. These are
  • Sand - large particle
  • Silt - medium sized particle
  • Clay - small particle

9
Texture is important because it affects
  • Water-holding capacity the ability of a soil to
    retain water for use by plants
  • Permeability the ease with which air and water
    may pass through the soil.

10
Texture is important because it affects
  • Soil workability the ease with which soil may be
    tilled and the timing of working the soil after a
    rain
  • Ability of plants to grow some root crops like
    carrots and onions will have difficulty growing
    in a fine-textured soil

11
  • The Relative Sizes of Sand, Silt and Clay
    Particles

12
How is the texture of soil determined?
  • Soil texture may be determined in one of two
    ways
  • The percentages of sand, silt, and clay may be
    tested in the lab.
  • Once tested, you may determine the textural class
    of the soil by referring to the textural
    triangle.
  • The ribbon method.

13
Ribboning Soil
14
Textural Triangle 12 basic textural classes
  • Silt
  • Silt loam
  • Silty clay loam
  • Loam
  • Sandy clay loam
  • Loamy sand
  • Sand
  • Sandy loam
  • Sandy clay
  • Clay loam
  • Silty clay
  • Clay

15
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16
The Ribbon Method.
  • Fine-textured a ribbon forms easily and remains
    long and flexible.
  • Moderately fine-textured a ribbon forms but
    breaks into pieces ¾ to 1 inch long.
  • Medium-textured no ribbon forms.
  • The sample breaks into pieces less than ¾ inch
    long. The soil feels smooth and talc-like.

17
The Ribbon Method.
  • Moderately coarse-textured no ribbon forms.
  • The sample feels gritty and lacks smoothness.
  • Coarse-textured no ribbon forms.
  • The sample is composed almost entirely of gritty
    material and leaves little or no stain.

18
What is soil structure, how does it form, and why
is it important?
  • Soil structure is the arrangement of the soil
    particles into clusters or aggregates of various
    sizes and shapes.
  • Aggregates that occur naturally in the soil are
    referred to as peds, while clumps of soil caused
    by tillage are called clods.

19
What is soil structure, how does it form, and why
is it important
  • Structure is formed in two steps.
  • 1. A clump of soil particles sticks loosely
    together. These are created through
  • Plant roots surrounding the soil and separating
    clumps
  • Freezing and thawing of soil
  • Soil becomes wet and then dries
  • The soil is tilled
  • Fungal activity

20
What is soil structure, how does it form, and why
is it important
  • 2. Weak aggregates are cemented to make them
    distinct and strong.
  • Clay, iron oxides, and organic matter may act as
    cements.
  • When soil microorganisms break down plant
    residues, they produce gums that also glue peds
    together.

21
What is soil structure, how does it form, and why
is it important
  • Soil structure is important for several reasons
  • It improves soil tilth.
  • It improves permeability.
  • It resists the beating action of raindrops,
    minimizing the formation of crusts that reduce
    crop stands.

22
What are the various soil structures and what do
they look like?
  • There are eight primary types of structure. They
    are
  • Granular
  • Crumb
  • Platy
  • Prismatic or Columnar
  • Blocky
  • Structureless
  • 1. Single grain
  • 2. Massive

23
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24
Review / Summary
  • Describe the concept of soil texture and its
    importance.
  • Determine the texture of a soil sample.
  • Describe soil structure, its formation, and
    importance.
  • Identify various soil structures.
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