Health and Wellness

1
Health and Wellness
2
Definitions and Dimensions of Health
3
Definitions of Health

• Health is the capacity to lead a satisfying
  life, fulfill ambitions, and accommodate to
  change (Ottawa Charter, World Health
  Organization, 1986).
• Health is
• Specific to persons life -- it is personal
• Dynamic, ever-changing process
• Holistic, not simply the absence of disease
• Related to quality of someones life
• Multidimensional
• Related to persons ability to cope with the
  challenge of change

4
Dimensions of Health

• Health is multidimensional. The following are the
  dimensions of health

Social
Mental
Physical
Environmental
Spiritual
Emotional
5
Dimensions of Health

• These dimensions are interdependent i.e., they
  interact and overlap with each other to produce
  health

HEALTH
6
Dimensions of Health

• As these dimensions interact they produce a
  unique health and wellness profile for each
  individual.

7
Physical dimension of health the aspect of
health that deals with issues pertaining to the
physical body Emotional dimension of health
the aspect of health that deals with the ability
to express emotions appropriately cope with
conflict, stress, and change in a healthy way
and enjoy life sometimes referred to as the
psychological dimension of health Spiritual
dimension of health the aspect of health that
deals with values beliefs about what is important
8
Social dimension of health the aspect of health
that deals with the ability to relate well to
others Intellectual dimension of health the
aspect of health that deals with issues involving
lifelong learning Vocational dimension of
health the aspect of health that deals with
preparing for and engaging in work that provides
personal satisfaction and enrichment
9
Health and Wellness in Adolescence

• Health and wellness is related to persons
  ability to cope with the many interactions and
  transitions that are occurring in his/her life.
• Transitions specific to adolescence include
• Increase in responsibilities
• Increase industry
• Intensification of relationships
• Changes in body structure

10
Health and Wellness in Adolescence

• Dimensions of health that focus on transition
  fall under three headings
• Being, e.g. Who am I? Who am I becoming as a
  person?
• Belonging, e.g. To what groups do I connect with
  in a sense of belonging?
• Becoming, e.g. What accomplishments am I striving
  for?

11
12 DETERMINATES OF HEALTHhttp//www.phac-aspc.gc.
ca/ph-sp/determinants/determinants-eng.phpincome

• 1. Income and Social Status
• 2. Social Support and Networks
• 3. Education and Literacy
• 4. Employment/Working Conditions
• 5. Social Environment
• 6. Physical Environments

12

• 7. Personal Health Practices and Coping Skills
• 8. Healthy Child Development
• 9. Biology and Genetic Endowment
• 10. Health Services
• 11. Gender
• 12. Culture

13
Why Properly Wash Your Hands?

• Good hand washing is the first line of defense
  against the spread of many illnesses, from the
  common cold to more serious illnesses such as
  meningitis, influenza, hepatitis A, and most
  types of infectious diarrhea. By washing your
  hands you are not only protecting yourself from
  the contraction of these germs but you are
  preventing the spread of germs and viruses.

14
(No Transcript)
15
Hand Sanitizer

• Hand sanitizers are another option when access to
  soap and water for hand washing is not
  available. Alcohol-based hand rubs come in
  liquid, gel and foam forms and there is no
  reported difference in the effectiveness of each
  form as long as they have adequate alcohol
  content (60)

16

• The recommended procedure for applying
  alcohol-based hand rub is
• 1. Roll up long sleeves and push up or remove
  wrist watch
• 2. Wash hands with soap and available water if
  hands are visibly dirty (e.g., contaminated with
  dirt, oil, blood, body fluids, etc.), and dry
  hands completely after washing as wet hands will
  dilute the alcohol
• 3. Place enough alcohol-based hand rub into the
  cupped palm of one hand, sufficient to wet both
  hands completely
• 4. Rub the liquid into the palms, backs of
  hands, between fingers and under nails, and if a
  ring is worn, on and under the ring

17
Planes of the Body
i) Transverse (Horizontal) Plane
ii) Frontal Plane
iii) Sagittal Plane
Figure 7-4b
OH 3-9
18
Anatomical Position
19

• Legs straight
• Heels, feet and great toes parallel to each other
  
• The starting reference point for describing the
  human body
• It is universally accepted
• It is used in all anatomical descriptions

• Description
• Standing erect
• Facing forward
• Arms hanging at the sides

• Palms facing forward and the thumbs outward

20
Anatomy Terms of movement

• When describing human movement there is an
  anatomical starting point the anatomical
  position. In this position all joints are
  considered to be in a neutral position, or 0
  degrees, with no movement having occurred

21
Directional Terms
22
Reminder

• All directional terms are based on the
  assumption that the body is in the anatomical
  position.

23
Midline

• Lateral-Medial
• Lateral Away from the midline of the body

Lateral
Medial
Medial Towards the midline
E.g., Your ears are lateral to your
cheeks and your cheeks are medial to your
ears
24

• Distal-Proximal
• Distal Further from some specified region
• Proximal Closer to some specified region
• E.g., With respect to trunk, the hands are distal
  to the arms and the arms are proximal to the
  hands.
• E.g., With respect to nerves and blood vessels,
  proximal also means "toward the origin" and
  distal means "away from the origin".
• E.g., Colon is the distal portion and stomach is
  the proximal portion of the digestive tube

Thigh is proximal to the leg
Leg is distal to the thigh Leg is proximal to the
foot
Foot is distal to the leg
25

• Anterior-Posterior
• Anterior In front of or front of your body

Anterior Skeleton
Posterior Skeleton
Posterior Behind or back of your body
E.g., Your lips are anterior to your
teeth and your teeth are posterior to your
lips
E.g., In the anatomical position, your
palms are facing the anterior of your body
26

• Superior-Inferior
• Superior Above

The collar bone is superior to the rib cage

• Inferior Below

The hip bone is inferior to the rib cage
E.g., Your lips are superior to your chin and
your chin is inferior to your lips
27

• Supine
• Lying on the back
• E.g., when performing a bench press

• Prone
• Lying face down

• E.g., when
• preparing to
• perform a push-up

28
Anatomy Terms of movement
Abduction think! To abduct means to take away.

• Abduction Movement away from the midline of the
  body
• Adduction Movement towards the midline of the
  body

29
Anatomy Terms of movement

• Flexion Decrease the angle formed by bones of
  the joint
• Extension Increasing of the joint angle.
  Returning a joint in flexion to the anatomical
  positions is considered extension

30
Anatomy Terms of movement

• Dorsiflexion Raising the toe to the shin
• Plantarflexion Pointing the toe downward.

31
Anatomy Terms of movement

• Rotation
• Medial towards the midline (internal)
• Lateral away from the midline (external)

32
Anatomy Terms of movement

• Supination
• Rotation of the palm so it faces upward
• Pronation
• Rotation of the palm so it faces downward

33
Anatomy Terms of movement

• Inversion sole of the foot turns inwards
• Eversion sole of the foot turns outwards

34

• Type of joint movement
• Flexion- bent knee
• Extension- extend knee
• Hyperextension- bring leg back
• Dorsi flexion- heal
• Plantar flexion- toe
• Abduction- leg out
• Adduction-leg in
• Rotation- twisting
• Circumduction- circular motion
• Supination- palm up
• Pronation- palm down
• Eversion- foot out
• Inversion- foot in
• Protraction- chin forward
• Retraction- chin back
• Elevation- shoulders up
• Depression- shoulders down

35
Range of Motion Range of motion, or ROM, refers
to how far a joint moves during exercise and
physical therapy.. Range of motion helps maintain
movement by stretching the muscles and moving the
joints. The terms active and passive define
the energy behind the movement. Active range of
motion is exercises you do on your own. Passive
means someone does the work for you.
36
Three Contraction Types
Type AKA Angle _at_ Joint Muscle Strength Force
Concentric Positive Decreases Shortens Weakest gt Resistance
Eccentric Negative Increases Lengthens Strongest lt Resistance
Isometric Static No change No change Middle Resistance
37
Static Contraction

• Muscle tension or internal force exerted against
  an external load
• Internal force is equal to, or weaker than, the
  external load
• No visible movement of the external load occurs

38
Static Contraction

• In most sports, the need for maximal static
  contraction is rare
• Maximal static contraction is most often seen in
  gymnastics, wrestling, and judo

39
Activities Requiring Maximal Static Muscle Tension
40
Static Contraction

• Most sports require low to sub-maximal static
  contraction
• Examples of sports that require this type of
  contraction include sail-boarding, alpine skiing,
  and shooting events

41
Activities Requiring Sub-Maximal Static Muscle
Tension
42
Dynamic Contraction

• Muscle tension or force is exerted against an
  external load
• Internal force exerted is greater than the
  external load
• Visible movement of the external load occurs

43
Isometric Contraction

• A static contraction
• Muscle contraction against an external force
• No visible change in muscle length
• External load is greater than the force generated
  by the internal force
• No external movement occurs
• No work is performed because no movement occurs
• A high amount of tension is developed, energy is
  used

44
Pushing against a stable wall is an example of an
isometric contraction
45
Skeletal Muscle Groups

• Skeletal muscles are named based on many
  different factors, including their location,
  origin and insertion, number of origins, shape,
  size, direction, and function

46
(No Transcript)