Friday

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Friday

• Continue Holiday 0-6.
• SUKKOTH
• Monday
• Hanukkah Purim

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Midterm

• October 6
• Yom Kippur!!! OOOOOPS..

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Calendar

• Years counted from creation of the world
• 5763.
• Gregorian Calendar from time of Christ.

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Gregorian Calendar is Solar

• 12 lunar months 11 days shorter than Solar year
• 13 lunar months 19 days longer

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Solution

• Alternate 12 month and 13 month years.
• 19 year cycle, 7 years have 13 months.

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Extra days

• Sometimes extra days are added to some months to
  keep Sabbath from interfering with Yom Kippur.

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Result.

• Date of festivals are always the same in the
  Jewish calendar
• Date of festivals shifts in the Western calendar
• But each festival is always in the same season.

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If you though that was odd

• First month is Nissan, in the spring
• Seventh month is Tishri in the autumn.
• New Year is Tishri 1, 2

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Tishri

• Sept- Oct.
• 13 days of festivals
• 7 days in which work is forbidden.

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HIGH HOLY DAYS

• 10 days
• Rosh Hashana ? Yom Kippur

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High Holy DaysDays of Awe

• Time of introspection
• Gods Books are open. Written on R. HaSh
  sealed on Yom Kippur
• Individuals Fate for next year is to be decided.

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Changing Gods decree

• Repentance
• Prayer
• Charity.
• "May you be inscribed and sealed for a good
  year." typical greeting

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Rosh Hashanah

• Head of the Year
• Evening of Friday, Sept 26, 2003
• Celebrated over 2 days outside of Israel.
• 1 Day in Israel.

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Day of CreationDay of Judgment

• Day of sounding the SHOFAR
• Sounded 100 times on each day of Rosh Hashanah

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Shofar
Horn from Kosher Animal War Alarm Announced
Royalty, and Divinity
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Shofar sounds

• Shevarim
• Tekia
• Teruah

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Call to Repentance

• Shofar sounded when Abraham tried to sacrifice
  Isaac God gives him a ram instead.
• Shofar sounded with Israel received Torah
• Shofar will sound with Messiah comes.

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No work on R. HaSh.

• If R. HaSh. Falls on Sabbath, Shofar is not
  blown.
• Most of the day spent in Synagogue.

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Yom Kippur(evening of Oct 5, 2003)

• Day of Atonement.
• Celebrated on 1 Day.
• Ancient Israel Y. K. day of sacrifices for
  Israels sins.
• Most Holy Day

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Atone reconciliation for offences

• Talmud says Yom Kippur only allows you to atone
  for offending God.
• If you have offended another person, you have to
  seek reconciliation from them directly, before
  Yom Kippur.

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Complete Sabbath

• No work at all on Yom Kippur
• Complete Fast no eating or drinking
• Washing
• Luxuries leather shoes
• Sex.

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Fast

• Food Restrictions are NOT binding on
• Ill
• Elderly
• Young
• Expectant and new mothers.

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Synagogue

• Orthodox may spend 9 am-3 pm
• Return 5 or 6, until nightfall
• Special Yom Kippur Siddur used.

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Kol Nidre All Vows

• Controversy
• Asking God to annul personal vows made.
• Reform removed it from Yom Kippur liturgy
• Anti-Semitists used it to claim Jews were
  dishonest, unfit for public office.

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Amidah

• Yom Kippur Amidah asks for forgiveness for all of
  Israels sins.

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Neilah Closing

• 1 hour service ARK is opened (congregation must
  stand)
• Final Shofar blast signifies Gods books are
  sealed The Gates of Heaven are closed.

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Sukkot

• 5th day after Yom Kippur
• October 11
• Lasts for 7 days.
• No work on first 2 days

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Sukkot

• Historical Israelites wandering in
  wilderness
• Agricultural Autumn festival.

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Leviticus 2342-3

• You shall live in huts seven days all citizens
  of Israel shall live in huts, in order that
  future generations may know that I made the
  Israelite people live in huts when I brought them
  out of the Land of Egypt, I the Lord your God.

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A Sukkah

• The homes of the wandering Israelites
• Must be big enough to live in it.
• Eat meals in it
• Sleep in it, weather and health permitting

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Sukkah

• 3 walls
• Any material
• Roof with hole in it
• Branches, wood, etc.
• Decorated Harvest theme.

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Sukkah and Thanksgiving

• Similar motifs
• Harvest
• Gratitude.

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Leviticus 2340

• On the first day you shall take the fruit of the
  goodly trees, branches of palm trees, boughs of
  leafy trees, and willows of the brook, and you
  shall rejoice before the Lord your God seven
  days.

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4 Species
1 Palm branch 2 Willow branches 3 Myrtle
branches Etrog a citrus fruit
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Lulav and etrog
Held and waved during prayers on all 7 days of
Sukkot Book of Ecclesiastes read on Sukkot
pleasures are futile.
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Shemini AzeretSimhat Torah

• Day after last day of Sukkot
• In Israel both on same day
• Outside Israel, on separate days.

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Assembly of the 8thRejoicing in the Torah

• Shemini Azeret End of Torah cycle
• Simhat Torah Beginning of Torah cycle
• Work is not permitted.

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Simhat Torah.
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ChanukahEvening of Dec. 19, 2003

• A Minor Festival that has grown to be very
  popular.
• Most important ancient festival NOT mentioned in
  the Bible.
• Home-based Festival family oriented.

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Historical and seasonal

• Victory of Maccabees against oppressors
• Traditional winter festival (solstice)
• Lights represent lengthening days.

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Chanukah

• Maccabean revolt against Seleucid dynasty
• 164 bce
• Rededication of Temple.

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Lamp Oil

• Ritually pure
• Purification took 8 days
• 1 day supply when temple taken, lasts 8 days.

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Festival of Lights menorah
8 days 8 1 candles 1 to light others. Flames
must not merge
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Miracle of Oil

• A Great excuse to eat fried foods!
• Latkes Potato Pancakes.
• Judaism 101 site has recipe

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Tzedekah

• Accent on charity

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Gelt

• Gifts of money for kids
• Predates Christmas Presents

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Dreidel
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Purim

• Starts evening of March 6, 2004
• In Leap Years with extra month, Purim happens in
  the second month of Adar
• One month before Passover.

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Purim Commandment

• To hear the book of Esther being read.

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Commandment Tzedekah

• Gifts of food and money.

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PurimLots

• Esther saved the Jews from a nasty, wicked
  mean so-and-so.
• Mordechai Esther (Horray!)
• Haman wicked advisor (Boo!)
• Ahasuerus, K. of Persia (ends up being ok)

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Esther

• No mention of God
• Read with comical voices, lamentations
• 10 sons of Haman, read in one breath

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Audience Participation

• Cheer etc. when heroes are mentioned
• Boo etc. when Haman is mentioned.
• Cant drown out the reader!

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Carnival

• Dress-up
• Plays, parodies,

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Everyone is parodied

• Scholars, rabbis, etc
• Talmud is spoofed.

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Eat Drink and Be Merry

• Drink enough to confuse
• Cursed be Haman and
• Blessed be Mordechai.

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Drunk?

• hOw eNoungh drunk isht thet ???
• Not drunk enough to violate commandments, or be
  obnoxious
• Alcoholics, kids, etc exempt from mitzvah.

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