Ch. 13: NC Competency Goals

1
Ch. 13 NC Competency Goals

• US 4.01 Compare and contrast the different
  groups of people who migrated to the West and
  describe the problems they experienced.
• US 4.02 Evaluate the impact that settlement in
  the West had upon different groups of people and
  the environment.
• US 4.03 Describe the causes and effects of the
  financial difficulties that plagued the American
  farmer and trace the rise and decline of
  Populism.
• US 4.04 Describe innovations in agricultural
  technology and business practices and assess
  their impact on the West.
• Student Objectives
• By the end of this chapter, students will be able
  to
• Identify explain key terms on pages 417, 424,
  429, successfully complete the chapter review
  on pages 432-433.
• Identify explain the reasons for the population
  explosion in the West
• Identify explain the life of farmers miners
  new inventions that helped them cope on the Great
  Plains
• Create a geographical map of the USA
• Identify explain the reasons behind the
  tensions between settlers Native Americans
• Explain the economic problems facing farmers
• Identify the different political groups organized
  to fight for farmers
• Analyze the effectiveness of the Populist Movement

2
Introduction

• As more white settlers moved West, conflicts with
  Native Americans increased
• Settlers on the Great Plains made farming in the
  west profitable
• After decades of economic hardships, farmers
  unify create a political party.

3
Native Americans

• Many of the Plains tribes were nomadic
• They moved followed food
• Lived in small extended families
• Buffalo was most important animal
• Provided clothes, weapons, shelter, toys, etc.
• Land was for tribal use no land ownership
• Many tribes were relocated to the Great Plains
  during the 1830s
• Moved onto reservations
• Land did not support buffalo soil was poor
  quality
• Those in charge of reservations often took the
  money without improving life on the reservations

4
Railroads the Buffalo

• Railroads expanding westward
• Killed millions of buffalo to create tracks for
  fun
• Disappearing Buffalo
• 1800 15,000,000
• 1886 lt 1,000
• Devastated the Plains Tribes
• Their way of life was disappearing how will
  they live?
• Almost all the buffalo were killed, but they are
  making a slow return.

5
(No Transcript)
6
Mounting Tensions
Native Americans pushed west
Settlers want Native American Land (gold, soil)
Native Americans pushed further west
Native Americans began attacking white settlers
1867 land treaties violated
1867 Several treaties signed. Temporary peace
Fighting btwn. Native Americans Army escalates
US Military gets Involved!
1870s Miners enter Black Hills searching for
gold
Sioux Tribe heads west to Montana searching for
new land
Movement scares crap out of Army
Begins Indian Wars
Black Hills land promised to Native Americans in
1867
7
Mounting Tensions
Native Americans pushed west
Native Americans pushed further west
Native Americans began attacking white settlers
1867 land treaties violated
Fighting btwn. Native Americans Army escalates
US Military gets Involved!
Sioux Tribe heads west to Montana searching for
new land
Movement scares crap out of Army
8
Sand Creek Massacre, 1864

• Under command of Col. Chivington, the US Army
  attacks Cheyenne Arapaho living at Sand Creek
• Chivington gave direct orders to kill everyone
  no prisoners
• US Army slaughtered hundreds of women, children
  elderly

9

• The massacre lasted six or eight hours.I tell
  you Ned it was hard to see little children on
  their knees have their brains beat out by men
  professing to be civilized.there was no
  organization among our troops, they were a
  perfect mob.You would think it impossible for
  white men to butcher and mutilate human beings as
  they did there, but every word I have told you is
  the truth.It was almost impossible to save any
  of them. When the women were killed the Bucks did
  not seem to try and get away, but fought
  desperately.Charly Autobee saved John
  Smith.They were going to murder Charlie Bent,
  but I run him into the Fort.I expect we will
  have a hell of a time with the Indians this
  winter.
• -Captain Silas Soule1st Colorado Cavalry (USV)
  to Major Edward Wynkoop, former commander, Fort
  Lyon, Colorado Territory. December 14, 1864
• I heard Colonel Chivington give no orders in
  regard to prisoners. I tried to take none myself,
  but killed all I couldI think and earnestly
  believe the Indian to be an obstacle to
  civilization and should be exterminated.
• -Major Jacob Downing3rd Colorado Cavalry (USV

10
Battle of Little BighornJune 1867

• United under tribal elders, Crazy Horse Sitting
  Bull, Sioux tribe moving west to find new land
• General Custer sent to capture them bring them
  back to the reservation
• Sitting Bull Crazy Horse ambush Custers 7th
  Cavalry slaughter the military
• 1st battle of the Indian Wars
• Custer his men were dead within minutes
• Scalped, etc.

11
More Resistance

• In 1877, the Nez Perce, under Chief Joseph, fled
  fought the US Army to avoid being put onto a
  reservation
• In 75 days, they traveled 1300 miles trying to
  get to Canada
• Unsuccessful, stopped just short of the Canadian
  border ?
• Forced onto reservations
• The Apaches under Chief Geronimo were relocated
  to Florida, then back to Oklahoma
• The Arizona Apache tribe was the last to continue
  resisting forced resettlement onto reservations

12
Chief Joseph I will fight no more, forever.

• Tell General Howard I know his heart. What he
  told me
• before, I have it in my heart. I am tired of
  fighting. Our
• Chiefs are killed Looking Glass is dead, Ta Hool
  Hool
• Shute is dead. The old men are all dead. It is
  the young men
• who say yes or no. He who led on the young men is
  dead. It
• is cold, and we have no blankets the little
  children are
• freezing to death. My people, some of them, have
  run away
• to the hills, and have no blankets, no food. No
  one knows
• where they are - perhaps freezing to death. I
  want to have
• time to look for my children, and see how many of
  them I
• can find. Maybe I shall find them among the dead.
  Hear me,
• my Chiefs! I am tired my heart is sick and sad.
  From where
• the sun now stands I will fight no more forever.
• Chief Joseph - Thunder Traveling to the Loftier
  Mountain Heights - 1877

13
Assimilation

• To Americanize
• Give up beliefs, try to look act like white
  people
• Make more like white Americans
• Dawes Act 1887 Attempt to assimilate Native
  Americans
• Taught their culture was savage
• Reservations were broken up
• Forced Native Americans to be farmers
• Bad tools, soil services
• Good land was swindled from Native Americans in
  bad land deals
• Children forced to attend American schools
• Taught English language, dress,
• culture, etc.

14
Wovoka

• Piute Chief
• Wanted to make things the way were before white
  men came
• Practiced the Ghost Dance Purification dance
  that would bring back their traditional life
• Cleanses the Native American spirit prepares
  him/her for the afterlife
• Cleanses Native Americans of white influences

15
Battle of Wounded Knee12/29/1890

• Ghost Dance was performed by the Native American
  to restore buffalo make whites vanish.
• Alarmed military leaders settlers theyd
  never seen this before
• Sitting Bull was killed sparked conflict
• A gun suddenly went off
• 300 unarmed Native Americans were slaughtered
• Mostly women, children the elderly
• Ended the Indian Wars

16
Reasons Why Native AmericansLost the Indian Wars

1. Often fought against the US Army as individual
   tribes they did not unite
2. Were no match for Army artillery

17
Helen Hunt Jackson

• Wrote A Century of Dishonor about the broken
  promises to the Native Americans
• Land deals, agricultural education, treaties
  etc.
• Brought Native American issue into the homes,
  just like Uncle Toms Cabin brought slavery into
  the home!

18
Native American Civil Rights

• 1924 Native Americans declared citizens of
  the US
• 1932 Native Americans can consolidate land
• 1964 Finally given the right to vote during
  the Voting Rights Act