Growing Oats

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Lesson 5

• Growing Oats

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Next Generation Science/Common Core Standards
Addressed!

• CCSS.ELA-Literacy.RST.9-10.7 Translate
  quantitative or technical information expressed
  in words in a text into visual form (e.g., a
  table or chart) and translate information
  expressed visually or mathematically (e.g., in an
  equation) into words.

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Work!

• Identify the uses and types of oats.
• Identify areas where oats are grown.
• Explain the cultural practices of oat production.
• Explain oat processing.

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Terms

• Blasting
• Groat
• Oat
• Lodging
• Kernel
• Companion
• Top Dressing

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Interest Approach

• View this sample of slow cook oatmeal and instant
  oatmeal.
• Compare the two samples, looking at their color
  and texture.
• Now cook the two products. Again, have the
  students compare the two products.
• What are the differences between oat cultivars as
  well as other crops?

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Objective 1

• Identify the uses and types of oats.

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How are oats used and what are the different
types?

• Oats are a cereal crop grown for human and animal
  consumption.
• By-products of oat production also have a number
  of human uses.
• Oats are grouped according to the number of
  chromosomes and each cultivar has their own
  distinct differences.

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How are oats used and what are the different
types?

• Oats are most commonly used for feeding
  livestock.
• Livestock rely on oats as a source of protein and
  bulk.

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How are oats used and what are the different
types?

• Oats used for human consumption are processed for
  use in oatmeal, cakes, cookies, breads, and
  cereals.
• Only high quality oats are used for human food.
• Oat hulls, a by-product of oat production, can be
  used to make plastics, paper, and resins.
  Solvents used in processing vegetable and mineral
  oils are also made from oat hulls.

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How are oats used and what are the different
types?

• 3. Oats are classified according to their number
  of chromosomes those with 42 chromosomes are the
  most prominent.
• The oats in this classification include the
  common white oats, hull-less oats, cultivated red
  oats, common wild oats, and wild red oats.
• There are also distinct differences between each
  oat cultivar.

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How are oats used and what are the different
types?

• Oats can be classified according to the kernel
  color.
• The different colors include white, yellow, red,
  gray, and black.
• Oats can be spring or winter cultivars.
• They may also be grouped as early, medium, or
  late maturity.

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White Yellow Black gRAY
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Where are oats grown?

• II. The top five states in oat production are
  Wisconsin, North Dakota, Minnesota, Iowa, and
  South Dakota.
• Oats can be grown in a variety of soils and
  climatic conditions but prefer cool, moist
  climates.
• The majority of oats grown
• in NM are baled for forage.

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Where are oats grown?

• Cool weather is necessary during ripening hot
  weather during blossoming can cause blasting.
• Blasting is the failure of flowers to produce
  seed because of unfavorable conditions.

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Where are oats grown?

• Some of the highest recorded oat yields have
  occurred in Canada, the northern U.S., and
  northern Europe where the weather is the coolest.

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What are the cultural practices of oat production?

• III. Oats commonly rotated with other crops are
  used as a companion crop.
• Oats can successfully follow corn, cotton, and
  potato crops and can be used to help establish
  grasses and small-seeded legumes such as alfalfa.
  The first cutting would be an oat alfalfa mix.
  Following cuttings would only be alfalfa as the
  oats are an annual crop.

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What are the cultural practices of oat production?

• Oat seeds are commonly treated with fungicides
  before planting. Seed oats should not be used
  for feed purposes or human consumption.
• The remaining cultural practices of oats are
  similar to those of wheat.

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What are the cultural practices of oat production?

• A. Oats can be sown with little or no seedbed
  preparation.
• Oats can be broadcast and covered by disking or
  sown in a field that has been disked or field
  harrowed.
• Heavy soils or soils with weed problems should be
  fall plowed and disked two to three times in the
  spring before planting.

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What are the cultural practices of oat production?

• B. Soil tests should be used to help offset
  variances in soil types, cropping practices, and
  fertility levels.
• Oats are capable of producing sufficient crops on
  low fertility soils, however, they commonly
  produce less return per acre.
• Top dressing winter oats with nitrogen
  fertilizers helps improve forage production and
  provide earlier grazing.

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What are the cultural practices of oat production?

• C. Winter oats can be sown from mid-September to
  mid-February depending on the area.
• They should be sown early enough so they are well
  established before the first heavy frost.
• Spring oats can be sown from late January to
  early May, again depending on the area.
• Spring oats should be sown before the soil
  temperature averages 50F.

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What are the cultural practices of oat production?

• D. Oats can be sown by broadcasting or drilling.
• Broadcasting is quicker but requires more seed
  and is not recommended on soils with limited
  moisture.
• Drilling also provides more uniform stands. Oats
  should be sown 1 to 1½ inches deep in moist
  soils, 23 inches deep in drier soils.

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What are the cultural practices of oat production?

• Winter oats are harvested in late June and
  spring oats are harvested in late July.
• Oats require 24 to 30 days to mature depending on
  the area.
• It may take over a week following maturity to
  reach 13 to 14 percent moisture.
• Some producers cut and windrow oats and combine
  several days later to help reduce loss due to
  weather, shattering, and lodging.

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What are the cultural practices of oat production?

• F. Like all crops, oats are susceptible to a
  number of pest problems.
• G. Common oat diseases include loose smut,
  covered smut, stem rust, crown rust, yellow
  dwarf, and powdery mildew.
• H. Common oat insects include the chinch bug,
  green bug, grain bug, grasshoppers, armyworms,
  and leaf hoppers.

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Loose Smut Covered Smut Stem Rust Yellow
Dwarf Powdery Mildew
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Chinch Bug Greenbug Grain bug
Grasshopper army worm Leaf hopper
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How are oats processed?

• IV. Oats require processing before being consumed
  by humans.
• Groat is the unground grain of oats.
• The groat is roasted, separated from the hull,
  and passed between large rollers.

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How are oats processed?

• The rollers flatten the groats into rolled oats.
  
• The rolled oats, or flat oats, are what we are
  accustomed to seeing in oatmeal.
• Following additional processing, the oats can be
  used in a variety of breakfast foods, cookies,
  and breads.

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Review / Summary

• Oats are a cereal crop grown for human and animal
  consumption.
• The top five states in oat production are
  Wisconsin, North Dakota, Minnesota, Iowa, and
  South Dakota.
• Oats commonly rotated with other crops are used
  as a companion crop.
• Oats require processing before being consumed by
  humans.

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The End!