Nutritional requirements of fish

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Nutritional requirements of fish
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Next Generation Science / Common Core Standards
Addressed!

• HS-LS2-6.Evaluate the claims, evidence, and
  reasoning that the complex interactions in eco
  systems maintain relatively consistent numbers
  and types of organisms in stable conditions, but
  changing conditions may result in a new
  ecosystem.
• HS-LS4-5. Evaluate the evidence supporting claims
  that changes in environmental conditions may
  result in (1) increases in the number of
  individuals of some species, (2) the emergence of
  new species over time, and (3) the extinction of
  other species. Clarification Statement Emphasis
  is on determining cause and effect relationships
  for how changes to the environment such as
  deforestation, fishing, application of
  fertilizers, drought, flood, and the rate of
  change of the environment affect distribution or
  disappearance of traits in species.

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Bell Work / Objectives

• Describe the role of protein in fish nutrition.
• Describe the role of fats in fish nutrition.
• Describe the role of carbohydrates in fish
  nutrition.
• Describe the role of minerals in fish nutrition.
• Describe the role of vitamins in fish nutrition.

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Terms

• Amino acid
• Blood meal
• Carbohydrates
• Carnivore
• Fat-soluble vitamins
• Fats
• Fish meal
• Herbivore

• Minerals
• Omnivore
• Protein
• Soybean meal
• Trace elements
• Vitamins
• Water-soluble vitamins

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What is the role of protein in fish nutrition?

• First major component required for proper
  nutrition of fish is protein.
• Protein
• Formed from compounds known as amino acids.

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What is the role of protein in fish nutrition?

• Amino acids
• Building blocks of protein.
• Needed by animals for proper nutrition.
• 10 amino acids are essential.
• Broken down during digestion.
• Used to produce new tissue or reproduce damaged
  tissue.

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Protein

• Most critical component of fish feed.
• Prepared fish feed will contain between 25 and 40
  percent protein.

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Sources of protein

• Fish meal
• High protein feed derived from fish.
• Animal waste products
• Blood meal
• High protein feed derived from blood collected
  during the slaughter process.
• Meat scraps
• Soybean meal
• High protein feed produced from soybeans.

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Protein requirements

• Carnivore fish
• Fish that eat meat.
• Require 50 of its protein from animal sources.
• Herbivore fish
• Fish that eat plants.
• Need only about 30 of the protein in their feed
  from animal sources.
• Omnivores
• Fish that eat both plants and animals.
• Need only about 30 of the protein in their feed
  from animal sources.

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What is the role of fats in fish nutrition?

• Fats
• A required component of fish feeds.
• Composed of fatty acids.
• Used for proper health and growth.
• Amount of fat in a feed usually between 4 and 15
  percent.

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Fat requirements

• Type of fat needed in fish feed depends on
  temperature of water.
• To be digested, fat must be able to melt.
• To melt, must have melting point below water
  temperature.
• Cold water fish (trout)
• Fed unsaturated fat derived from plants
  (vegetable oil).
• Warm water fish (tilapia)
• Fed saturated fat derived from animal products.

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What is the role of carbohydrates in fish
nutrition?

• Carbohydrates
• A required component of fish feed.
• Source of energy for fish.
• Organic compounds composed of carbon, hydrogen,
  oxygen.
• Plants including sugars, starches, and cellulose
  are sources.

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Carbohydrate requirements

• Fish herbivores (carp)
• Better capable of digesting carbohydrates.
• An enzyme (amylase) in their digestive system.
• Fish carnivores (catfish)
• Cant digest carbohydrates as well.
• Only need 10 carbohydrates in ration.

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What is the role of minerals in fish feed?

• Minerals
• Inorganic materials needed for health and growth.
• Most only needed in small amounts.
• Large amounts of minerals may be fatal to fish.
• Often called trace elements
• Needed in very small quantities.

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Required Minerals

• Calcium
• Iron
• Silicon
• Manganese
• Magnesium
• Boron

• Cobalt
• Copper
• Iodine
• Molybdenum
• Selenium
• Sodium

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Minerals

• Testing the water can show mineral deficiencies.
• Can be given to fish two ways
• Add directly to the water.
• If water is flowing or moving may be a waste
• Added to a commercially prepared feed.

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What is the role of vitamins in fish nutrition?

• Vitamins
• Organic compounds needed in small amounts for
  proper growth and maintenance of body functions.
• Specific vitamins are needed for different body
  functions.
• Deficiencies can cause poor growth, anemia, skin
  lesions, clubbed gills and other problems.

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Types of Vitamins

• Water-soluble
• Taken in, used, and then excreted.
• Include Thiamin, Riboflavin, and Folic Acid.
• Fat-soluble
• Taken in to the body and stored.
• If excess amounts consumed can be unhealthy.
• Include vitamin E, A, and D.

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Review / Summary

• What is the role of protein in fish nutrition?
• What is the role of fats in fish nutrition?
• What is the role of carbohydrates in fish
  nutrition?
• What is the role of minerals in fish nutrition?
• What is the role of vitamins in fish nutrition?

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The End!