I. New France

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Chapter 2 The Challenge to Spain and the
Settlement of North America Protestant
Reformation and the Challenge to Spain
I. New France II. The Dutch and Swedish III.
Problems in Europe Reformation IV. English
Challenge V. Restoration Colonies VI. English
Civil Wars (begins chp 3)
22 slides
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Chapter 2 The Challenge to Spain and the
Settlement of North America
Protestant Reformation and the Challenge to Spain

• I. New France
• Early French Explorers
• Samuel Champlain St Lawrence
• Many were late teens to early 20s
• Explored / Settled Areas
• Acadia/Nova Scotia
• 1608 est Quebec city

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Tended to look toward West for expansion, trade
and a future NOT toward France. Established
outposts along Great Lakes and St Lawrence
river c. Mission Exports / Wealth d. Religion
Frontier of inclusion Religious
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II. Dutch and Swedish
DUTCH
a) Dutch more active than French in 17th
century. b) Dutch (Netherlands) sought colonies
to relieve overpopulation, and profit. c)
Republicanism
i) The East and West India Companies
1602 Dutch East India Company chartered
(born/begun) 1621 Dutch West India Company
chartered Trading company
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• ii) New Netherland
• Seaport
• Pluralistic society
• Danes, Finns, Germans, Scots, Norwegians
• Similarity with French and English
• Established vast patroonships (1630s)
• French later established seigneuries
• English later established estates

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SWEDISH

1. Flemish refugees from Spanish war and Swedes
2. Arrived in America in 1638
3. Founded New Sweden
4. Initially more Calvin religious and more
   Flemish
5. Initially Dutch and Swedes united in war against
   Spain.
6. Swedish control fell to Dutch and eventually
   Dutch fell to the English

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III. Problems in Europe Reformation
GERMANY Martin Luther German SWITZERLAND Joh
n Calvin Christian Religion Essential
doctrine absolute depravity of man after Fall of
Adam and impossibility of salvation except for
those few, the Elect, predestined by God to
salvation. Rejected Catholic tenants papal
supremacy, veneration of Saints, clerical
celibacy ENGLAND
Protestant Reformation argued that a person could
find salvation through faith alone!
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Spread to England with Henry VIII Church of
England and Henry VIII 1527 cut ties to
Rome Henry sat at the head of the Church,
Protestant. What to do with the wife He
didn't have a problem with majority of rules BUT
wanted official sanction to dispose of
wife Elizabeth I most responsible for
defining Protestant reformation in
England England had problems at time money and
Spain Privateers 1588 English victory over
Spanish Armada She dies 1603, James I becomes
king. With the English victory England starts
to move about on the Atlantic.
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Why they left Europe and where they
went Why they left
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Where they went
COLONIES The English Roanoke VA 1587 John
White Jamestown 1607 John Smith The
French Quebec / Lower Canada Samuel de
Champlain The Spanish Florida Central and
South America SW of current US Others Dutch
/ Swedes Delaware / NY area
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IV. English Challenge
Plymouth Colony and Mayflower Compact
Plymouth was first English colony, founded by
pilgrims, religious dissenters. Pilgrims were
English separatists who believed Anglican est so
corrupt they had to start their own
church. 1620, 102 people set sail from Plymouth
England on board the Mayflower.
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• MASSACHUSETTES BAY COMPANY
• Ideal of Puritans was to establish a city upon a
  hill.
• 1629, Royal Charter granted to group of wealthy
  Puritans who created the MA Bay Comp.
• Between 1629-1643, 20,000 people.

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Pilgrims 1st colonists of New England. Believed
that the Anglican church tenets stood in the way
of pure religion as defined by Biblical
teachings.
Puritans. Puritans split into two groups.
Salvation came from Gods covenant of
grace. Those who believed that needed changes
could be accomplished within the church (known as
non-separatists).
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Puritan Values Social/Cultural Religious -Most
followed dictates of Church of England (similar
in some respects to Catholicism) -Calvinism -Empha
sized hard work, work ethic Puritan
missionaries vis a vis indians. John
Eliot View of Indians
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• Economy
• Didnt have soil for tobacco, forced to
  diversity fish, lumber, farming. Shipping
  fleets were built
• Education
• 1647, when town had more than 50 families, had to
  build a school.. Harvard in 1636. Connecticut
  enacted similar laws.

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• Puritan attitudes toward Virginians (1640s)
• Virginian attitude toward Puritan
• Puritans and Virginians on Quakers
• Quakers on new Englanders

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New England Tobacco, Expansion and
Warfare Figures for tobacco 1617 VA exported 10
tons 1618 VA exported 25 tons 1628 VA exported
250 tons Required labor force Indentured
servants ¾ of English migrants to Chesapeake In
exchange for cost of transportation, worked for 7
years (2-7 years). Headright system 50 acres
per Indians
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Indians Powhattan Indians Initially Powhattan
Indians assisted English settlers. For 15
years they coexisted despite poor treatment by
settlers to Indians. 1614 Pocahontas Powhatan
died Chief Opechancanough - 1622 assault on
Jamestown Good Friday. 1644
Opechancanough FINAL assault to push back
settlers 1645 1685
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V. Restoration Colonies Charles II restored to
throne. Carolina Pennsylvania New York
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Middle Colonies New York Pennsylvania
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VI. English Civil Wars
Englands civil wars wages 1640s, Royal
power/authority over colonies virtually
collapsed. During civil wars, trade was
redirected. Rather than London, Amsterdam became
the largest trading partner. Few English
politicians paid much notice to the colonies.
They were ignored or Salutary neglect
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REVIEW TERMS Joint Stock Company Covenant Compact
Charter Christianity Catholicism Protestantism
Lutheranism Anglicanism Republicanism v.
Monarchism Reformation Merchantilism Salutary
Neglect Patroonships Seigneurs