THE MEDIEVAL CHURCH

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CHRISTIANITY
EASTERN ORTHODOX CHURCH
THE SCHISM 1054
ROMAN CATHOLIC CHURCH
PROTESTANTISM
LUTHERAN PRESBYTERIAN BAPTIST METHODIST ETC
THE REFORMATION 1500s
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THE CHURCHIMPORTANT TERMS

• CURIA Council developed to advise the pope on
  spiritual and political matters.
• CANON LAW - Law of the Church. Bishops operated
  courts to consider civil and religious matters
• TITHE - Tax imposed by the Church which required
  every Christian family to pay one tenth of income
• HERETICS People who opposed teachings of the
  Church

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HISTORY OF THE CHURCH

• Suffering by the Church from 500-1000
• Viking plundering of monasteries during 800s
  and 900s threatened the Church.
• Moslems threatened Europe and Christianity
• The lower clergy was barely literate
• Church leaders were often corrupt

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PROBLEMS OF THE CHURCH

• Marriage of the clergy - forbidden by Church law
• Simony - Buying selling of Church positions.
• Lay Investiture - Granting of authority to clergy
  members by kings or nobles.
• Corruption of some popes who had been chosen by
  civil leaders.

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ATTEMPTS AT CHURCH REFORM

• Pope Leo IX and Pope Gregory VII enforced laws
  against simony and marriage of clergy
• Pope Gregory VII ends Lay Investiture
• Church decrees that all future popes would be
  chosen by a College of Cardinals.
• The Inquisition was formed to find and judge
  heretics. Heretics could repent, be tortured, or
  be killed
• The papal curia was a group set up to advise the
  pope in spiritual and political matters

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SACRAMENTS OF THE CHURCH

• Baptism - Symbolizes purification of the soul.
• Confirmation - strengthening by the Holy Spirit.
• Holy Communion - Symbolic of the blood and body
  of Jesus.
• Penance - Confession of Sins.
• Extreme Unction - Annointing of the sick.
  Administering of the Last Rites.
• Matrimony-Spiritual agreement between husband
  and wife.
• Holy Orders - Ordination into the clergy.

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ATTEMPTS AT CHURCH REFORM

• 5. How did the Pope and Church deal with heretics
  and other disobedient people and rulers
  throughout Europe?
• WEAPONS OF THE CHURCH
• Excommunication - Cut individuals off from the
  Church. Could no longer receive the sacraments
• Interdict - Cut off sacraments to an entire
  region or nation

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Role of Friars in the Church

• FRIARS - Traveling clergy members who fought
  against heresy and attempted to win back
  heretics.
• TWO ORDERS OF FRIARS
• Dominicans - Spanish order founded by Dominic and
  who emphasized scholarship. Friars wore white
  robes.
• Franciscans - Italian order founded by St.
  Francis of Assisi. Wore brown robes.

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ORGANIZATION OF THE CHURCH

• BISHOPS
• Administered a Diocese of several parishes
• Appointed Parish Priests
• Administered Provinces
• Administered sacraments of Confirmation
  Ordination
• PARISH PRIESTS
• Usually of peasant origins
• Limited formal education
• Conducted Church services
• Administered most sacraments
• Supervised moral and religious instruction of
  parishioners

• POPE AND CURIA
• Spiritual /political leader
• Advised by a council called the Curia
• Wielded great power and influence over civil
  rulers
• ARCHBISHOPS
• Administered Provinces
• Had authority over Bishops and their Diocese
• Helped set Church policy

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CHURCH ARCHITECTURE

• ROMANESQUE (1000-1200)
• Low thick walls with small windows
• Arched doorways like Roman buildings
• Walls painted in brilliant colors
• Adorned with statues and icons
• GOTHIC ARCHITECTURE (LATE 1100S)
• Tall thin walls with large glass windows
• Flying buttresses support high walls and roofs
• High vaulted ceilings
• Adorned with stained glass windows of religious
  scenes

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Romanesque
Gothic
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Romanesque Architecture

• Low Thick Walls
• Roman Arches
• Small Windows
• Ornate Interiors

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Gothic Architecture
Towering Spires
Flying Buttresses
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Gothic Cathedrals Chartres, France
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Notre Dame Cathedral Paris, France
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Pope Urban II Calling for the First Crusade
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Christian Crusades East and West
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MONASTERIES CONVENTS

• Communities for monks and nuns
• Provided schools for training of the clergy
• Preserved classical and religious manuscripts
• Provided medical care and assistance for poor
• Became great centers of wealth
• THE BENEDICTINE RULE
• Must vow to stay for life
• Spend 7 hours a day in manual labor
• Two hours daily devoted to reading the Bible
• Pray and worship 8 times daily
• Meals should be limited with no red meat allowed