Thermodynamics

1
Thermodynamics

• Thermodynamics, n. pl.
• Oxford English Dictionary
• The theory of the relations between heat and
  mechanical energy, and of the conversion of
  either into the other.

2
Laws of Thermodynamics

• Zeroth Law Thermal Equilibrium
• All systems tend towards the same temperature, or
  thermal equilibrium.
• Thermal equilibrium no net flow of heat from one
  system to another.
• Example ice cube melts and warms to room
  temperature.

3
Laws of Thermodynamics

• First Law Law of conservation of energy.
• Energy can neither be created nor destroyed, only
  modified in form.
• Example electromagnetic energy converts to
  chemical potential in plants during
  photosynthesis.

4
Laws of Thermodynamics

• Second Law Entropy
• Heat can never flow naturally from cold to hot
  objects/substances.
• All things tend towards greater disorder in
  regards to energy.
• Entropy measure of disorder of system plus
  surroundings.
• System- what is being observed surroundings-
  environment around system.

5
Laws of Thermodynamics

• Second Law Examples
• Gas particles naturally spread out throughout a
  room. (Order to disorder concentrated on one end
  of room to being spread out)
• Water freezing to ice water becomes more ordered
  (crystalline), however heat is released to
  surroundings (disorder). Overall increase in
  disorder.

6
Laws of Thermodynamics

• Third Law Absolute Zero and Entropy
• Absolute Zero 0 Kelvin, all motion of molecules
  stops.
• Entropy approaches zero at absolute zero.
  Therefore, absolute zero temperature cannot
  naturally happen, because entropy always
  INCREASES.