Apparel 2

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Apparel 2 1.01

• Natural and Synthetic Fibers

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Properties of Fibers

• Abrasion Resistance
• Absorbency
• Flammability
• Luster

• Resilience
• Shape retention
• Structure
• Tensile strength

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Abrasion Resistance

• Abrasion a worn spot that develops when fibers
  rub against something
• pilling
• The ability to withstand surface wear and rubbing

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Absorbency

• The ability to take in moisture or not
• Wicking fiber draws moisture away from the body

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Flammability

• Flame resistant natural resistance to burning
• Added products to become fire resistant

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Luster

• Amount of shine and reflection
• Gloss or sheen of a fabric

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Resilience

• Ability of a fiber or fabric to spring back to
  its original condition, size and shape when
  crushed or wrinkled

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Shape Retention

• Keeps shape after wearing and washing numerous
  times.

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Tensile Strength

• Can withstand pulling and stretching

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Structure

• Cellulosic come from plants or plant products
  such as wood pulp (cotton, rayon)
• Protein animal fibers (wool, silk)

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Natural Fibers

• Come from plants and animals
• General Characteristics
• Hydrophilic (Absorb Water)
• Most wrinkle easily

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Natural Fibers

• Cotton
• Flax (Linen)
• Bamboo
• Wool
• Silk
• Ramie
• Leather

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Cotton advantages

• Strong, durable
• Soft
• Absorbs moisture
• Breathes well
• Washes easily
• low cost, high availability

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Cotton disadvantages

• Mildews
• Does not spring back into shape
• Wrinkles easily
• Burns readily
• Shrinks

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Clothing/Fashion uses

• Blouses
• Dresses
• Skirts
• Underwear
• Shirts
• Jeans
• Sportswear

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Care of Cotton

• Wash in machine and dry
• Iron at high temperature

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Flax (Linen) Advantages

• STRONG
• Absorbs moisture
• Comfortable in warm weather
• Washes easily

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Linen disadvantages

• Mildews
• WRINKLES
• Burns easily

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Clothing/Fashion uses for Linen

• Blouses
• Dresses
• Skirts
• Suits
• Home furnishings

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Care of Linen

• Wash or Dry Clean, CHECK LABEL
• Iron at HIGH temperature

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Ramie

• Plant fiber
• One of the strongest natural fibers
• Resistant to mildew and pests
• Stiff and brittle
• Combined with other fibers

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Ramie

• Very absorbent
• Flammable
• Not lustrous (dull)
• Not resilient
• Very strong
• Structure cellulosic

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Silk

• Comes from the silk worm

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Silk Clothing/Fashion uses

• Skirts
• Blouses
• Dresses
• Neckties
• Scarves
• Lingerie
• Sweaters

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Silk Properties

• Abrasion resistant
• Very absorbent
• Somewhat flammable
• Lustrous

• Yes, resilient
• Yes, elastic (shape retention)
• Strong
• Structure protein

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Silk Disadvantages

• Shows water spots
• Iron at low temperature
• Weakened by sunlight and sweat

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Clothing/Fashion uses

• Knit garments
• Sweaters
• Gloves
• Skirts
• Coats
• Sportswear
• Socks
• Suits
• slacks

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Wool

• Comes from sheep
• Llamas
• Alpaca
• Other animal fur that is shaved off

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Wool Properties

• WARM
• Durable abrasion resistant
• ABSORBENT
• Fire Retardant
• Somewhat lustrous
• Resilient (returns to original shape quickly)

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Wool Properties

• Shape retention Shrinks sometimes if washed or
  dried in dryer
• Absorbs odors
• Requires protection against insects
• Structure protein
• Strong fiber

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Care of Wool

• Dry Clean or Hand Wash and Dry flat
• Iron at low temperature

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Synthetic Fibers

• Made from cellulose (plants) and petrochemicals
• Characteristics
• Hydrophobic (water resistant)
• Promote static cling
• Heat Sensitive
• Many pill
• Most are wrinkle resistant

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Synthetic Fibers

• Acetate
• Acrylic
• Nylon
• Polyester
• Rayon
• Spandex (Lycra)
• Aramid (Kevlar, Nomex)
• Olefin
• Triacetate
• Modacrylic

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Acetate uses

• Dressy clothing

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Acetate Properties

• Not abrasion resistant
• Absorbent
• Flammable
• Lustrous
• Resilient

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Acetate Properties

• Shape retention yes, is elastic
• Not very strong (rips when wet)
• Cellulosic structure (wood pulp)

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Acrylic uses

• Sweaters
• Faux Fur
• Shoe soles
• carpet

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Acrylic Properties

• Absorbent
• Not flammable will melt
• Not lustrous
• Resilient
• Elastic (shape retention)

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Acrylic Properties

• Strong
• Structure polymer

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Aramid uses

• Kevlar
• Bullet Proof Vests
• Cut/Heat and Chemical resistant Gloves
• Nomex
• Fireman Uniforms
• Racing Apparel

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Aramid (Kevlar Nomex) advantages

• Resistant to abrasion
• Not absorbent
• Exceptional heat and flame resistance (not
  flammable)

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Aramid properties

• Not lustrous
• Yes, resilient
• Elastic shape retention
• Exceptional strength
• Polymer structure

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Glass

• AKA fiberglass
• Uses insulation, boats, sporting equipment
• Low abrasion resistance
• Yes - absorbent

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Glass properties

• Flammable
• Lustrous
• Resilient
• Elastic shape retention
• Strong
• Polymer structure

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Modacrylic

• Uses clothing and pillows
• Abrasion resistant
• Absorbent
• Not flammable (melts)
• Shiny
• Yes, resilient

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Modacrylic

• Retains shape
• Very strong
• Polymer structure

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Nylon uses

• Clothing
• Backpacks
• Purses
• Tents

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Nylon Properties

• Very Strong
• Resilient
• Lustrous
• Dries quickly

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Nylon Properties

• Abrasion resistant
• Not absorbent
• Fire then melts
• Not very shiny
• Elastic resiliency

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Nylon properties

• Very strong
• Polymer structure

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Olefin

• Uses shirts and upholstery
• Abrasion resistant
• Not absorbent
• Flammable
• Not lustrous

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Olefin

• Elastic shape retention
• Strong
• Polymer structure

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Polyester uses

• Clothing
• Suits
• Household

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Polyester Properties

• Resists abrasion
• Not absorbent, Dries quickly
• Flammable
• Can be lustrous
• Resilient Excellent wrinkle resistance

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Polyester properties

• Retains shape (pleats)
• Strong
• Polymer structure

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Rayon Uses

• Clothing
• Household

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Rayon properties

• Abrasion resistant
• Absorbent
• Flammable
• Shiny lustrous
• Not very resilient

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Rayon properties

• Not very elastic shape retention
• Weak when wet
• Cellulosic structure

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Spandex uses

• Sportswear
• Underwear, bras

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Spandex properties

• Abrasion reisitant
• Not absorbent
• Excellent resiliency and elasticity (shape
  retention)
• Stronger and more durable than rubber
• Polymer structure

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Spandex properties

• Damaged by chlorine bleach
• Damaged by heat

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Tencel (Lyocell)

• Comes from wood pulp
• Replacement for silk
• Is expensive

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Tencel (Lyocell)

• Abrasion resistant
• Absorbent
• Lustrous
• Strong
• Cellulosic structure

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Triacetate

• Similar to acetate
• Comes from wood pulp
• Used for clothing and home interiors

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Triacetate Properties

• Non-Absorbent
• Flammable
• High luster
• Resilient
• Not elastic
• Not strong
• Cellulosic structure

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The End