Animal Nutrition

1
Animal Nutrition
2
Animal Nutrition

• Food provides
• Calories

3
Animal Nutrition

• Food provides
• 1 Calorie 1000 calories.

4
Animal Nutrition

• Food provides
• Excess Calories stored as glycogen (in muscle and
  liver) and as fat.

5
Animal Nutrition

• Food provides
• Weight gain or loss comes from Calorie imbalance,
  but

6
Animal Nutrition

• Food provides
• Weight gain or loss comes from Calorie imbalance,
  but its more complicated than that

7
Animal Nutrition

• Food provides
• Weight gain or loss comes from Calorie imbalance,
  but its more complicated than that.
• Genetic influences
• Set point theory.

8
Animal Nutrition

• Food provides
• Carbon skeletons

9
Animal Nutrition

• Food provides
• Carbon skeletons
• Used for biosynthesis.

10
Animal Nutrition

• Food provides
• Essential amino acids

11
Animal Nutrition

• Food provides
• There are 20 of them
• We can synthesize all but four

12
Animal Nutrition

• Food provides
• There are 20 of them
• We can synthesize all but four

13
Animal Nutrition

• Food provides
• There are 20 of them
• We can synthesize all but four

All this is used for energy
This much gets used as protein
14
Animal Nutrition

• Food provides
• There are 20 of them
• We can synthesize all but four

Grains are high in two of the four essential
amino acids
15
Animal Nutrition

• Food provides
• There are 20 of them
• We can synthesize all but four

Legumes are high in the other two
16
Animal Nutrition

• Food provides
• There are 20 of them
• We can synthesize all but four

Eating them together provides complete protein.
17
Animal Nutrition

• Food provides
• Essential fatty acids

18
Animal Nutrition

• Food provides
• Essential fatty acids
• Omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids.
• Deficiencies are rare.

19
Animal Nutrition

• Food provides
• Vitamins

20
Animal Nutrition

• Food provides
• Vitamins
• Mostly cofactors for enzymes.
• Fat soluble or water soluble.

21
Animal Nutrition

• Food provides
• Minerals

22
Animal Nutrition

• Food provides
• Minerals
• Iron, calcium, and others.

23
Animal Nutrition

• In the mouth
• Chewing
• Salivary amylase digests starch
• Peristalsis.

24
Animal Nutrition

• In the stomach
• Food is stored
• Gastrin (a hormone) stimulates secretion of
  gastric juice
• Gastric juice HCl and pepsin
• Pepsin digests protein.

25
Animal Nutrition

• In the duodenum
• Enterogastrones (hormones) stimulate pancreas and
  gall bladder
• Acid chyme mixes with
• Intestinal juice (many enzymes)
• Bile (emulsifies fats)
• Pancreatic juice (amylase and inactive
  proteases).

26
Animal Nutrition

• In the small intestine
• Membrane-bound enzymes activate inactive
  proteases
• Digestion is completed
• Nutrients are absorbed via villi and microvilli
  (brush border).

27
Animal Nutrition

• In the large intestine
• Water is reabsorbed
• Bacteria synthesize some vitamins.

28
Animal Nutrition

• Fermentation chambers
• In many herbivores, symbiotic bacteria and
  protists digest cellulose.

29
Animal Nutrition

• Evolutionary adaptations
• Teeth

30
Animal Nutrition

• Evolutionary adaptations
• Teeth
• Stomach and intestines

31
Animal Nutrition

• Evolutionary adaptations
• Teeth
• Stomach and intestines
• Symbiosis.