Welcome to

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Welcome toTHE 1920s UNIT
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Nicknames of the 20s

• The Roaring 20s
• The Jazz Age
• The Golden Age
• The New Era
• The New Freedom
• The Era of Wonderful Nonsense
• The Dry Decade
• The Lawless Decade

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New Terminology of the 20s

• Beaut
• Gold Digger
• Cats Meow / Pajamas or Bees Knees
• Playboy or Sugar Daddy
• Blind Date
• Two-timer and an Ex
• Speakeasy
• Moonshine, Sauce, Giggle water, Bathtub gin

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• Copacetic Nifty Swell
• Ritzy Swanky
• Go Fly a Kite!
• For Crying Out Loud!
• Hot Diggety Dog!

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1920s Culture

• A good place to start
• https//www.youtube.com/watch?vIgcuBOVMGsg

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Characteristics of the Flapper

• Short hair
• Short, straight dresses
• Wore make-up
• Drank alcohol
• Smoked cigarettes

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Clara Bow The It girl Silent Movie Actress
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Womens Suffrage

• The Right to Vote
• 1920

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Strategies/methods used to get the vote

• Abolitionist strategies were borrowed!
• Constitutional changes were brought up and mass
  meetings and protests help bring the message to
  everyone!
• The National Womens Suffrage Association was
  formed!

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The Declaration of Sentiments

• Really controversial! Declaration of
  Independence by T. Jefferson was fixed up by a
  team of women to reflect women in American
  society!

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Background information

• 1840s? 1848 Seneca Falls
• 1890 Formed NWSA w/ Susan B. Anthony - THE
  leader
• 1920 19th amendment passed

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Important Women

• Lucretia Mott, a Quaker and PA resident
  participated in the Seneca Falls Convention where
  the Declaration of Sentiments was created.
• Known for her work the Discourse on Women and
  for founding Swarthmore College here in PA!

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Susan B. Anthony (Standing) with Elizabeth
Cady Stanton
http//search.eb.com/women/articles/Stanton_Elizab
eth_Cady.html
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Elizabeth Cady Stanton

• Her BFF was Susan B. Anthony
• Noted Abolitionist and temperance reformer.
  Whats temperance?
• When she married hubby she refused to say the
  obey part in the vows and told him upfront that
  HE was staying home with any children that they
  might have!

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Susan B. Anthony

• A Quaker and teacher who started out working to
  advance the 13th-15th amendments. She thought
  suffrage for women had to be right around the
  corner! She was a labor activist (8-hour day) ,
  she tried to stop human trafficking AND the
  different social expectations between women and
  men!

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Why would people

• Support the idea?
• More representation
• U.S. as a haven for all
• Women helped in the war effort
• Who and why Opposed the idea?

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How to add an amendment

• What is an amendment?
• A change to the highest laws of our country
• Who writes the amendment?
• It must be approved by the state congresses
• 3/4 of all states must approve it

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The War of the Roses

• Nashville, Tennessee 1920
• Needed 36 states to ratify 19th amendment
• Yellow rose pro womens suffrage
• Red rose anti womens suffrage
• It took 3 votes to pass, last vote FUNNY!
• For homework- read Harry Burns story and answer
  the QAR homework at bottom!

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The 19th Amendment says

• The vote shall not be denied or abridged by the
  US or by any state on account of gender.
• It would take from 1920-1984 to get every state
  in the union to ratify the amendment! Mississippi
  was last!

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II. Fashion

• WWI impacted fashion because all available
  material became necessary for the men and the war
  effort! Women also had jobs in factories beyond
  the normal scope of nursing and teaching so they
  needed outfits that reflected that work! PLUS

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Women now had

• And freedom so the layers in clothing were
  reduced, the dresses were shortened and attitudes
  changed. Silk stockings and heels introduced!

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Textiles Mills inpacted fashion because

• Clothing was now more affordable and capable of
  being massed produced.

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The 19th Amendments Impact on Fashion

• Women ditched the confines of the Victorian
  period of dress. Things that were confining,
  long, or thought controlling were shortened or
  disregarded altogether!

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MUSIC, CLUBS and DANCES

• Of the 1920s

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Background

• Jazz has its roots in slave culture and
  originated in New Orleans
• It is characterized by simple harmonies and
  rhythms.
• Famous jazz musicians of the 1920s
• Bix Biederbecke
• Bessie Smith
• Louis Armstrong https//www.youtube.com/watch?vS
  -lHrDPjGfQ
• Billie Holiday https//www.youtube.com/watch?v4P
  0hG3sD0-E
• Ella Fitzgerald https//www.youtube.com/watch?vP
  rVu9WKs498

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Music, Clubs Dances of the Twenties

• Swing was born out of jazz and is focused on
  rhythm
• Swing bands generally include at least 10
  musicians
• There are two types of swing bands
• Hot Bands or JUMP Bands
• Extensive solos and improvisation
• Ex Count Basie and Duke Ellington
• Sweet Bands
• Less feeling and improvisation
• Ex Glenn Miller and Guy Lombardo

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SWING MUSIC

• Swing was born out of jazz and is focused on
  rhythm
• Swing bands generally include at least 10
  musicians
• There are two types of swing bands
• Hot Bands or JUMP Bands
• Extensive solos and improvisation
• Ex Count Basie and Duke Ellington
• Sweet Bands
• Less feeling and improvisation
• Ex Glenn Miller and Guy Lombardo

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• Generally, the Caucasian bands have a tighter
  style while African-American bands have a looser
  style
• Benny Goodman became known as the King of Swing
• He was the first leader to integrate his band
• He was also Jewish so his music was banned in
  Germany
• Cab Calloway perfected the call and response
  and was known for his amazing ability to scat

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IMPORTANCE OF MUSIC

• During the 1920s, music crossed cultural and
  ethnic barriers like nothing had before.
• It was a key to bringing the races together and
  creating a better America.
• Example of Cab Calloways call and response
• https//www.youtube.com/watch?v8mq4UT4VnbE
• Janet Jacksons take on the 1920s
• https//www.youtube.com/watch?v2Ubv59yE8RI

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Dances

• Dances
• Lindy Hop, Jitterbug, Charleston
• Characterized by
• Kicks, jumps, twists and turns
• Variations on dances depending upon where you
  lived https//www.youtube.com/watch?vpsch9N4PmO4
  East Coast- purer, faster West Coast- slower

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Sports Figures of the 1920s
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Satchel Paige

• This baseball players true age was never known.
  He was a pitcher for the Black Barons in the
  Negro League for 20 years. He then played in the
  Major League in 1948 after it was integrated and
  is famous for striking out RogerS Hornsby five
  times in one game.

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Ty Cobb

• This baseball player was nicknamed the Georgia
  Peach. He was an outfielder, but is recognized
  as being one of the greatest all-around players
  in history but his fierce competitiveness and bad
  temper earned him a bad reputation.

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Gertrude Ederle

• This swimmer had broken numerous U.S. and World
  records in swimming. She was the first female to
  swim the English Channel and broke the best male
  time by over two hours. She developed an
  infection from this swim and eventually became
  deaf.
• https//www.youtube.com/watch?vK8PIVRsd3KE

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Josh Gibson

• This catcher for the Negro League was often
  compared to Babe Ruth because of his exceptional
  batting ability. He was very well-liked and
  respected by everyone. Unfortunately, he passed
  away one year before the two baseball leagues
  were integrated.

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Jack Dempsey

• This heavy- and lightweight boxer was also a U.S.
  Marine in WWI. After a severe hit, he won the
  famous 1927 Battle of the Long Count after his
  opponent failed to return to a neutral corner,
  which earned him four extra seconds. He retired
  in 1928 with a record of 65-1-1 with 47
  knock-outs.

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Gene Tunney

• This heavyweight boxer was nicknamed the Manassa
  Mauler and Kid Blackie. His victories helped
  make boxing a popular sport. He lost the famous
  Battle of the Long Count when he failed to return
  to a neutral corner this allowed his opponent
  four extra seconds to recover from the hit.

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Jim Thorpe

• This Olympic medalist played a variety of sports
  which include football, track, baseball,
  basketball, lacrosse, swimming, boxing, tennis
  and archery. He lost his Olympic medals in track
  after it was discovered he played
  semi-professional baseball. Some believe this
  was a discriminatory act due to his Native
  American ethnicity. He is labeled as the
• greatest all-around athlete of the
• first half of the 20th century.

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JIM THORPE

• https//www.youtube.com/watch?vvA7qiQ3nxrs
• Is it fair to consider Jim Thorpe one of the
  best athletes of all time? Does this make you
  want to visit Jim Thorpe, PA or avoid it?
  Explain.

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Charles Lindbergh

• This aviator took the first non-stop solo flight
  across the Atlantic in The Spirit of St. Louis.
  The plane was a single engine, monoplane. He is
  also known for developing the first artificial
  heart. He left the U.S. in the 1930s after his
  young son was kidnapped and murdered.
• http//www.biography.com/people/charles-lindbergh-
  9382609/videos/charles-lindbergh-new-york-to-paris
  -22736451733

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Joe Jackson

• This outfielder was also known as a great batter
  and nicknames Shoeless for taking off his
  cleats during a game because he was getting
  blisters. He played for the Chicago White Sox
  and was kicked out of baseball forever for his
  involvement in throwing the World Series in 1919.
  In truth, he knew what was happening, but
  refused to participate in the scandal.

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Babe Ruth

• He is considered the Greatest all-around player
  and nicknamed The Great Bambino and The Sultan
  of Swat. He held the homerun record for many
  years, led the league in walks, RBIs and runs
  scored. He is famous for calling his shot in
  1932.
• https//www.youtube.com/watch?vxyFaLT-L2uk

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Radio in the 20s

• Most prominent form of entertainment in the 20s,
  30s and 40s
• Every house had at least one radio
• Shows with an audience
• Everyone dressed up
• Live musical groups
• Props to produce sounds

Entertainment News Sports Book reading Dramas Comm
ercials
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History of Harlem

• Late 19th century
• White upper class great expectations for Harlem
• Early 20th century
• Property value decreased Whites moved elsewhere
  wealthy Blacks moved in
• First decent neighborhood
• Began to build up area around Harlem

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History of Harlem cont

• World War I
• Many immigrants moved back to support their home
  country
• Opened job opportunities for Black middle class
  who moved to Harlem

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Northern Migration for Blacks

• In search of a new life
• Less racism, better schools jobs
• Migration an act of defiance against social
  order political constraints of South
• Harlemlargest Black community

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Background Information

• Influenced by W.E.B. DuBois
• editor of The Crisis(NAACP publication)
• Believed social equality achieved by promoting
  black culture, ideals achievements
• Believed educated black elite should lead rest to
  freedom promoting black pride heritage
• Ideas were in opposition to Booker T. Washington

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W.E.B. DuBois
Called the Black elite the TALENTED TENTH
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Booker T. Washington

• Believed in
• accommodation, compromise,
• industrial education

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Alain Locke

• (philosopher / sociologist)
• called Northern movement a spiritual
  emancipation

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Harlem Renaissance

• Influx of talented Blacks wanting to reach
  largest audience
• Many clubs, theatre groups and literary
  discussions formed
• Writers Langston Hughes
• Music Duke Ellington, Cab
• Calloway, Billie Holiday
• Artists Meta Warrick Fuller,
• James Van Der Zee

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Langston Hughes American Poet

• Let America Be America Again
• https//www.youtube.com/watch?vlrqeywXhKfY
• Ballad of the Landlord

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Harlem Ren. cont

• Whites heard about HR invested own money to
  support artists
• War affected national views attitudes
• Loss of innocence faith cynicism
• Found revitalization the Black Ren.
• Jazz music
• Thrill of danger
• difference in culture
• Gangster-owned clubs

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Alaine Locke

• If I were to offer what Harlem had come to mean
  in the short span of 20 years, it would be
  another Statue of Liberty on the landward side of
  New York.