PSYCH%20105

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JEOPARDY
PSYCH 105
FINAL EXAM
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UNVEILING THE TRUTH
BREAKING THROUGH THE BREAKTHROUGH MYTH
JUST CAUSE
PSEUDOSCIENCE
ETHICS AND HELPING CAREERS
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Unveiling the Truth100

• What are 5 characteristics of the Scientific
  Attitude?

• Maintain personal objectivity
• Be open-minded
• Question everything and everyone
• Dont oversimplify
• Be open to error

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Unveiling the Truth200

• True or False Ideally, as a researcher, you
  should never admit your mistakes because you want
  your work to be published.

FALSE! Mistakes in Psychology are a benefit to
research because they narrow down the
possibilities that are true.
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Unveiling the Truth300

• According to the notes, which characteristic of
  science involves judgments about truth based on
  observation and examination of the world?

The Empirical Method
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Unveiling the Truth400

• ____ uses a planned sequence of testing to rule
  out competing explanations. (HINT Think about
  20 questions).

Systematic Testing
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Unveiling the Truth500

• We discussed a number of biases and heuristics
  that distort our perceptions of reality. List 3.

• The Just World Hypothesis
• The Fundamental Attribution Error
• The Self-Serving Bias
• The Availability Heuristic
• Confirm the View Bias (Confirmation Bias)

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Breaking Through.100

• True or False? The Scientific Breakthrough Myth
  is the false belief that breakthroughs in
  science occur by building small ideas into bigger
  ones. In other words, this myth suggests that
  science is a slow and steady process.

FALSE. Science IS a slow process that is created
by building smaller ideas into bigger ones. The
Scientific Breakthrough Myth occurs when people
assume that huge discoveries happen in science on
a quick and irregular basis.
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Breaking Through.200

• Explain why there is value in diverging evidence.

Diverging evidence helps us to revise theories
and examine the limitations of a theory or its
applications.
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Breaking Through.300

• Name 4 benefits of publicizing scientific results

1. Promotes replication and convergence 2.
Promotes debate and quality control 3. Promotes
public focus 4. Allows for faster progress
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Breaking Through.400

• Is the following statement a definition for
  theory or for the Principle of Falsifiability?
• Scientific ideas must predict an expected
  pattern of empirical results

This is a definition for the Principle of
Falsifiability.
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Breaking Through.500

• What is a scientific hypothesis? What is a
  scientific theory?

• A scientific hypothesis is a prediction that is
  made about
• specific changes or transformations observed in
  empirical
• studies
• A scientific theory is an explanation about a
  pattern of changes

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Just Cause100

• According to the lecture notes, what are the
  three components for establishing causation?
  Define each term.

1. Presence cause must be present when effect
is present 2. Precedence cause must precede
the effect 3. Strength of influence the
strength of the cause must correspond to the
strength of the effect
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Just Cause200

• True or False? Correlational studies meet the
  criteria of precedence, but not presence.

False!! Correlational studies DO NOT meet the
criteria for either precedence or presence. Can
you explain why?
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Just Cause300

• Which experimental method is designed to compare
  the results from two groups of participants?

A Between-Participants Design
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Just Cause400

• What are the four threats to accurate results
  (internal validity) we discussed?

1. Confounding Variables 2. Participant
Motivations 3. Placebo Effect 4. Experimenter
Expectations
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Just Cause500

• What is the College Sophomore problem?

Most psychological research is done with college
students (usually sophomores) and the results may
not generalize to other populations.
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Pseudoscience100

• What is the Barnum Effect?

People will find self-relevance in general
descriptions.
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Pseudoscience200

• Name 2 of the 4 risks of self-help that are
  discussed in class.

1. People are not properly assessed 2. People may
bring others into the process/extend the
problem 3. Untrained people pick the treatment
4. No improvement can worsen the problem, reduce
self-image, and reduce motivation for real
therapies/interventions
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Pseudoscience300

• According to the notes, what are four benefits of
  self-help discussed in class?

1. Reduced time spent with therapist 2. People
gain information about therapies 3. Can benefit
other treatment interventions 4. Can help prevent
problems
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Pseudoscience400

• According to our discussion, what strategies are
  used to create a scam remedy?

1. Use false authorities 2. Appeal to emotion 3.
Create false consensus 4. Make most of success
stories 5. Do NOT do/report controlled
experiments 6. Rely on the Barnum Effect
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Pseudoscience500

• How to people create a false consensus.

They suggest that everyone believes something.
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Ethics and Helping Careers100

• As we discussed in class, the helping
  relationship is NOT a social relationship. Why?

1. The relationship is based on hierarchal
power 2. The relationship is designed to achieve
some specific goal 3. When that goal is met the
relationship ends
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Ethics and Helping Careers200

• Name 2 of the benefits of using informed consent.

1. Decreased participant anxiety 2. Increase
compliance with treatment can speed recovery 3.
More favorable view of therapists/researchers
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Ethics and Helping Careers300

• Name the 5 fundamental helping principles
  discussed in class.

1. Respect for Rights and Dignity 2. Beneficence
and Nonmaleficence 3. Fidelity
Responsibility 4. Integrity 5. Justice
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Ethics and Helping Careers400

• Which fundamental helping principle seeks to
  respect and protect human and civil rights?

Respect for Rights and Dignity
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Ethics and Helping Careers500

• Which helping principle identifies the
  participants health and well-being as the
  primary factor in the professional relationship?

Beneficence Nonmaleficence