Making

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Making Inferences
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Authors dont always tell every detail or give
every bit of information in nonfiction or in
fiction stories.
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Readers make inferences to supply information
that authors leave out.
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When you make an inference, you add what you
already know to what an author has told you.
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Examples
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What the author said what I know
my inference
The weather had been scorching for weeks.
Summer is the hottest time of the year.
It is summer.
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What the author said what I know
my inference
Al took the lemonade out of the refridger-ator.
Al took out a pitcher of cold lemonade.
You keep things cold in a refridger-ator.
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What the author said what I know
my inference
People get out glasses when they want to drink
something.
He got a glass out of the cupboard.
Al wanted to drink a glass of lemonade.
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Lets Play Detective!
Sometimes you will hear or read the term
drawing inferences as part of a reading test or
assignment. That means you have to figure
something out from clues. The story you read will
only give you clues, and you will have to play
detective. It can be fun. Click to the next
slide and well start to play detective.
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Using Clues

• You smell smoke.
• You see smoke coming out of a house.
• You hear the siren on a fire truck.
• The three clues above suggest that the house is
  on fire, and someone has already called the fire
  department.

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Some Useful Tips and Tricks

1. Read the question before reading the story.
2. Read the story twice.
3. Find key words in the question, and scan the
   story for the words.

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Finding Clues In A Story.
Tommy and Sarah just got off the school bus.
Sarah said, I smell smoke. Tommy pointed and
yelled, Sarah, look at the smoke coming out of
that house! In a moment they both heard what
sounded like a fire engine siren.

• The passage suggests that
• The house is on fire, and someone called to
  report it.
• The house is on fire, and no one called to report
  it.
• Someone was burning leaves in the back yard.
• This was a fire drill.

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Drawing Conclusions
Pretend you are at Wal Mart. As you are walking
down the candy aisle, you notice a little boy
crying and pulling on his moms skirt as she
pushes her cart towards the front of the store.
The closer she gets towards the front of the
store, the louder the little boy screams. Lots
of things could be wrong with the little boy, BUT
we can probably conclude that What do you
conclude? Click on the speaker below to hear what
I think. Of course, I could be wrong.
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Finding Clues In A Story.
Maria was on the flag squad that performed at
half time during football games. It was the first
game that her grandparents and uncle Luigi
attended. Maria waved her flag while looking for
her family in the large crowd. Just as she
spotted her grandmother, her greatest fear came
true. She lost her grip on the flag, and it
started to fall. Even though she caught it
quickly, Marias face became red. She felt as if
she had made a horrible mistake and everyone were
staring at her.
The passage suggests that Maria almost dropped
her flag partly because she --
A was thinking about the football game B wasnt
strong enough C was looking for her family D
was frightened by a loud noise
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Finding Clues In A Story.
Maria was on the flag squad that performed at
half time during football games. It was the first
game that her grandparents and uncle Luigi
attended. Maria waved her flag while looking for
her family in the large crowd. Just as she
spotted her grandmother, her greatest fear came
true. She lost her grip on the flag, and it
started to fall. Even though she caught it
quickly, Marias face became red. She felt as if
she had made a horrible mistake and everyone were
staring at her.
The passage suggests that Maria almost dropped
her flag partly because she --
A was thinking about the football game B wasnt
strong enough C was looking for her family D
was frightened by a loud noise
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A Quick Review
When people talk, they dont always say exactly
what they mean. The listener must figure out what
the speaker really means. Inference in reading
is when you need to use the clues written in a
story to draw a conclusion. In other words, you
need to be a word detective. You will not
always be right when you draw a conclusion from a
story, but the more you try, the more skilled you
will become. Being a good reader and word
detective is a good thing!
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Now, Lets make an inference using visuals

• Write a short response (no less than a paragraph)
  making an inference about the photos on the next
  two slides. Be specific and use evidence from the
  illustration.

Name of Photo -Description of photo -Inference
about photo (What does it represent?)
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Picassos Blue Period
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The Old Guitarist
The Old Guitarist was painted in 1903, just after
the suicide death of Picasso's close friend.
During this time, the artist was sympathetic to
the plight of the downtrodden and painted many
canvases depicting the miseries of the poor, the
ill, and those cast out of society. He too knew
what it was like to be impoverished, having been
nearly penniless during all of 1902. This work
was created in Madrid, and the distorted style
(note that the upper torso of the guitarist seems
to be reclining, while the bottom half appears to
be sitting cross-legged) is reminiscent of the
works of El Greco.
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Picassos Blue Period
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Guernica, 1937 by Picasso
Probably Picasso's most famous work, Guernica is
certainly his most powerful political statement,
painted as an immediate reaction to the Nazi's
devastating casual bombing practice on the town
of Guernica during Spanish Civil War. Guernica
shows the tragedies of war and the suffering it
inflicts upon individuals, particularly innocent
civilians. This work has gained a monumental
status, becoming a perpetual reminder of the
tragedies of war, an anti-war symbol, and an
embodiment of peace. On completion Guernica was
displayed around the world in a brief tour,
becoming famous and widely acclaimed. This tour
helped bring the Spanish Civil War to the world's
attention.
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Sources
www.aisd.net/AISD/LinkClick.aspx?fileticket...tabi
d13399mid... https//www.rcs.k12.va.us/pfes/...
/making20inferences.ppt www.pablopicasso.org/old
-guitarist.jsp