TECHNOLOGY GUIDE ONE

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TECHNOLOGY GUIDE ONE

• Hardware

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TECHNOLOGY GUIDE OUTLINE

• TG1.1 Introduction
• TG1.2 Strategic Hardware Issues
• TG1.3 Computer Hierarchy
• TG1.4 Input and Output Technologies
• TG1.5 The Central Processing Unit

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LEARNING OBJECTIVES

• 1. Identify the major hardware components of a
  computer system.
• 2. Discuss the strategic issues that link
  hardware design to business strategy.
• 3. Describe the hierarchy of computers according
  to power and their respective roles.
• 4. Differentiate the various types of input and
  output technologies and their uses.

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LEARNING OBJECTIVES (continued)

• 5. Describe the design and functioning of the
  central processing unit.
• 6. Discuss the relationships between
  microprocessor component designs and performance.
• 7. Describe the main types of primary and
  secondary storage.
• 8. Distinguish between primary and secondary
  storage along the dimensions of speed, cost, and
  capacity.

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TG 1.1 Introduction
Hardware
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Hardware consists of

• Central processing unit (CPU)
• Primary storage
• Secondary storage
• Input technologies
• Output technologies
• Communication technologies

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TG1.2 Strategic Hardware Issues

• How do organizations keep up with the rapid price
  and performance advancements in hardware?
• How often should an organization upgrade its
  computers and storage systems?
• Will upgrades increase personal and
  organizational productivity?
• How can organizations measure such increase?
• How should organizations determine the need for
  new hardware infrastructures?
• How do organizations manage employees who can
  work from anywhere?

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TG1.3 Computer Hierarchy

• Supercomputers
• Mainframe Computers
• Midrange Computers
• Microcomputers

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NASA Supercomputer
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Mainframes and Mid-range computers
IBM iSeries midrange computer
IBM System Z mainframe
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Microcomputers
Dell desktop
HP notebook
Vaio laptop
Apple netbook
Amazon Kindle Fire
Motorola Xoom (tablet)
Apple iPad 2 (tablet)
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TG1.4 Input and Output Technologies

• Input technologies
• Human data-entry
• Source-data automation

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Various Human Input Devices
Trackball
Pointing Stick
Digital Pen
Web Camera
Bluetooth Laser Virtual Keyboard
Wii
The Maltron Keyboard
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Weve come a long way!
Keypunch machine
Punch card
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The First Mouse
A very early (if not the first) mouse
demonstration in 1968.
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Gesture-Based Input
See video of Oblongs product, called Mezzanine
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Output Technologies

• Output generated by a computer can be transmitted
  to the user over several output devices and
  media, which include
• Monitors
• Printers
• Plotters
• Voice

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Electronic Book Readers
Amazons Kindle 3
Sony Reader
Barnes and Noble Nook
Asus ebook Reader
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Flexible Displays
See video of Nokia flexible display
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Multimedia Technology

• Multimedia technology
• Merges capabilities of computers with
  televisions, VCRs, CD players, DVD players, video
  and audio recording equipment, music and gaming
  technologies.

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Multimedia Authoring System
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TG1.5 The Central Processing Unit

• Central processing unit (CPU)
• Microprocessor
• Control unit
• Arithmetic-logic unit (ALU)
• Registers

A Central Processing Unit
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Central Processing Unit (CPU) (continued)
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How the CPU Works
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Advances in Microprocessor Design

• Moores Law microprocessor complexity would
  double every two years.

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The Evolution of Chips

• For a look at the evolution of chips from the
  Intel 4004 to multicore chips, click here.

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Evolution of Computer Power/Cost
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Computer Memory

• Two basic categories of computer memory
• Primary Storage
• Secondary Storage

Evolution of Man and Storage
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Memory Capacity

• Bit
• Byte

In this picture, one byte, 01001000, represents
the letter H
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Hierarchy of Memory Capacity

• Kilobyte
• Megabyte
• Gigabyte
• Terabyte
• Petabyte
• Exabyte
• Zettabyte

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Main Types of Primary Storage

• Registers
• Random access memory (RAM)
• Cache memory
• Read-only memory (ROM)

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Primary Storage
RAM
Register
MRAM
Cache
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Internal workings of personal computer
Hard disk drive
CPU board with fan
RAM
Floppy disk drive
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Primary versus Secondary Memory
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Secondary Storage

• Memory capacity that can store very large amounts
  of data for extended periods of time.
• Magnetic tape (sequential access)
• Magnetic disks (direct access)
• Optical storage devices
• Flash memory devices

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Magnetic Tape
Magnetic tape reel
Magnetic tape cartridge
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Hard Drive (Magnetic Disks)
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Hard Drive
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The IBM Microdrive
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Optical Storage Devices

• Optical storage devices
• Compact Disk, Read-Only Memory (CD-ROM)
• Digital Video Disk (DVD)

VS
The Winner
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Flash Memory Devices

• Flash memory
• Flash memory devices
• Thumb drive

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Flash Memory Devices
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Thumb Drive