Charlemagne%20and%20the%20Franks

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Charlemagne and the Franks

• In this lesson, students will be able to
  identify effects of the fall of Rome as well as
  the rise of Charlemagne and the Franks.
• Students will be able to identify and/or define
  the following terms
• Effects of the Fall of Rome
• Franks
• Charlemagne
• Feudalism

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http//www.youtube.com/watch?vgpuveu-nihc
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HOME
European Middle Ages, 5001200
Time Line
732 Charles Martel stops Muslim invasion.
900s Outside invasions spur growth of feudalism.
1190 Holy Roman Empire weakens.
511 Clovis unites Franks under Christian rule.
800 Charlemagne crowned emperor by the pope.
962 Otto the Great crowned emperor.
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The fall of Rome brought many important changes
to Western Europe.
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Warfare increased. Trade decreased. The Dark
Ages began 500ce- 1500ce.
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Constant warfare sparked

• Disruption of trade- businesses collapsed and
  breakdown of trade destroyed European cities,
  money became scarce
• Downfall of cities- cities were abandoned /
  Cities were abandoned
• Population shifts- nobles retreated to rural
  areas, and Rome left with no strong government,
  others fleeing to countryside to grow own food

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Decline of Learning

• Germanic invaders couldnt read or write
• Learning among Romans sank as well as more
  families move to rural areas
• People like priests and church officials were
  literate
• Traditional reading of Roman and Greek
  philosophy and science stopped

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Language

• Germanic tribes had oral traditions - but no
  written language
• Mixed with the Roman population, Latin changed
• By 800s French, Spanish, and other Romance
  languages developed

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Germanic Kingdoms emerge

• Borders and government change as Germanic
  kingdoms replace Roman provinces

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Clovis was an important king of the Franks.
The Franks were one of the largest Germanic tribe
s.
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Clovis and the Franks

• In A.D. 481, Clovis united the Franks and became
  their king.
• Clovis converted to the Roman Catholic faith.
• Essentially, the Franks blended Germanic and
  Roman cultural practices.

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Germanic Peoples Adopt Christianity

• Frankish rulers and missionaries spread
  Christianity
• To adapt to rural conditions, Churches built
  monasteries , or religious communities
• Christian men called monks gave up private
  possessions and became servants of God
• Women became nuns and lived in convents

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Charlemagne became king of the Franks in 768
A.D. He conquered a vast empire and tried to
recreate the glory of the Roman Empire.
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Roman Emperor

• In 800, Charlemagne traveled to Rome to crush an
  unruly mob that attacked the Pope
• Pope Leo was so grateful that he crowned
  Charlemagne emperor
• The coronation was historic- a pope had claimed
  the right to award the title Roman Emperor to a
  European king
• Event signaled the joining of Germanic power, the
  Church, and the heritage of the Roman Empire

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Pope Leo III crowned Charlemagne Holy Roman
Emperor.
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Importance of Learning

• One of Charlemagnes greatest accomplishments was
  his praise of learning
• Surrounded himself with scholars of all languages
• Opened a palace school for his children and
  others
• Ordered monasteries to open schools and train
  future monks and priests

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During his reign, Charlemagne tried to recreate
the Roman Empire. However, after his death, the
empire declined.
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Questions for Reflection

• Why did historians call the early Middle Ages the
  Dark Ages?
• Who was Clovis and how did his conversion affect
  the Franks?
• Why did Pope Leo III crown Charlemagne Holy
  Roman Emperor?

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The Rise of Feudalism

• While Charlemagnes descendants were not able to
  recreate the glory of the Roman Empire, the
  Franks did greatly affect life in the Middle
  Ages.
• Indeed, the Frankish practice of giving land to
  nobles in exchange for loyalty and military
  service spread throughout Western Europe.

http//www.youtube.com/watch?v3Riz5HdoHRE
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Feudalism

• Feudalism was the political and military system
  of the Middle Ages.
• In a feudal society, land is exchanged for
  military service and loyalty.
• The ownership of land was the basis or power.

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A fief was all of the Lords land. The manor was
part of the fief. The manor was the part of the
fief where the peasants farmed and the people
lived.
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Manorialism

• Manorialism was the economic system of the Middle
  Ages.
• Manorialism is a self-sufficient economy.
• Everything that is necessary for life is created
  on the manor.

Those who fought nobles, knights, and
kings Those who prayed the Churchs Clergy
(priests, bishops, monks) Those who worked
Peasants (serfs)
Social class was usually inherited.
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Life during the Middle Ages was based on a series
of exchanges. Lesser Lords obeyed more powerful
Lords in exchange for land.
http//www.youtube.com/watch?v_vCxXKS1gNo
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MONARCHS

• Became weaker after Charlemagnes death
• Remained highest authority

LORDS NOBLES

• Lived on manors in castles
• Included powerful clergy
• Hunted, defended manor, oversaw serfs, settled
  legal disputes

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KNIGHTS

• Trained warriors who studied warfare from the age
  of 7
• Followed code of chivalry
• Exchanged military service for fief (an estate
  granted by a lord)

PEASANTS/SERFS

• Freeman paid lord for use of land could move
  around
• Serfs worked the land for the lord
• Serfs were poor prisoners of the manor

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Questions for Reflection

• Why did peasants need protection after the fall
  of Rome?
• Why were serfs willing to offer their labor to
  lords?
• What was the relationship between lords and
  vassals?
• Define feudalism and manorialism.
• How does manorialism differ from our economic
  system?

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European vs. Japanese Feudalism Copy the venn
diagram into your notebook.
Europe
Japan
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European vs. Japanese Feudalism

• During the same period of time, both the Japanese
  and the Europeans were utilizing Feudal systems.
• Both needed Feudalism to offer some sense of
  political organization and social structure when
  there was no one central government.

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Feudalism European vs. Japanese castles
(protected manors)
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Knights of Europe
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Samurai of Japan

• The samurai were the members of the military
  class, the Japanese warriors.
• Foremost allegiance is to feudal lord.
• Always carried a sword and wore protective armor.
• Live by code of honor called bushido.

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See Diagram, Education of a Knight Text p. 328
1. Education At age 7 began training as a
page in a lords castle At age
14 began training as a squire
acting as a servant to a knight. At age 21
becomes a knight !
PP Design of T. Loessin Akins H.S.
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2. Weapons / Equipment Saddles, stirrups,
armor, high-flying missiles.
1. Education At age 7 began training
as a page in a lords
castle At age 14 began training
as a squire acting as a
servant to a knight. At age 21 becomes
a knight !
PP Design of T. Loessin Akins H.S.
34
2. Weapons / Equipment Saddles, stirrups,
armor, high-flying missiles.
1. Education At age 7 began training
as a page in a lords
castle At age 14 began training
as a squire acting as a
servant to a knight. At age 21 becomes
a knight !
3. War games Fighting in local wars and in
tournaments (mock battles) kept knights trained
and in shape.
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2. Weapons / Equipment Saddles, stirrups,
armor, high-flying missiles.
1. Education At age 7 began training
as a page in a lords
castle At age 14 began training
as a squire acting as a
servant to a knight. At age 21 becomes
a knight !

• 4. Code of Chivalry
• be loyal, brave, courteous
• defend the 3 masters
• your Lord God,
• your feudal lord,
• and your lady
• - protect the weak / poor.

3. War games Fighting in local wars and in
tournaments (mock battles) kept knights
trained and in shape.
Chivalry a code of behavior / values for
Medieval knights and lords.
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2. Weapons / Equipment Saddles, stirrups,
armor, high-flying missiles.

• 4. Code of Chivalry
• be loyal, brave, courteous
• defend the 3 masters
• your Lord God,
• your feudal lord,
• and your lady
• - protect the weak / poor.

1. Education At age 7 began training
as a page in a lords
castle At age 14 began training
as a squire acting as a
servant to a knight. At age 21 becomes
a knight !
3. War games Fighting in local wars and in
tournaments (mock battles) kept knights
trained and in shape.
5. Castles The lived in and protected home of
feudal lords designed as fortresses with
massive walls and guard towers.
Chivalry a code of behavior / values for
Medieval knights and lords.
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• http//www.youtube.com/watch?v6EAMqKUimr8