Life, as we call it.

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Life, as we call it.

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Life, as we call it.

• I suppose that before we talk about life, we
  should somehow name it.

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Classifying Organisms

• You have at least a two part name..your first,
  and your last.
• For example, George Washington.
• First name George, last name Washington.
• ..Duh!

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Classifying Organisms

• Scientist also give two part names to organisms.
  This two part name is called.
• Binomial Nomenclature.
• A two part naming system.

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Classifying Organisms.

• In the case of George Washington, the name
  describes a person named George of the family
  Washington.
• In the cases naming organisms, its similar but a
  little different.

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Classifying Organisms.

• Lets use the common house cat as an example
• Felis domesticus.
• The first part of the name is called.
• Genus
• First name (always capital case)
• refers to similar closely related organisms

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Classifying Organisms.

• Continuing Felis domesticus
• The second name is the.
• Species
• A group of organisms that can mate and produce
  fertile offspring in nature.
• Lower case

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Classifying Organisms.

• So, in the case of Felis domesticus (the common
  house cat) Felis is the genus and domesticus is
  the species.
• You can tell the house cat is related to the puma
  because the pumas scientific name is Felis
  concolor.
• Both from the same genus.

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Classifying Organisms.

• As it turns out, there is more than just a genus
  and species involved in naming organisms. In fact
  there are 7 steps or levels in classifying
  organisms.

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The seven levels of classification.

• 1 - Kingdom Kings
• 2 - Phylum Play
• 3 - Class Cards
• 4 - Order On
• 5 - Family Fat
• 6 - Genus Green
• 7 - Species Stools

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The seven levels of classification.

• How bout a human
• Kingdom - Animalia
• Phylum - Chordata
• Class - Vertebrata
• Order - Mammalia
• Family - Primates
• Genus - Homo
• Species - sapiens

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The seven levels of classification.

• How can this easily be applied to identify an
  organism?
• Scientist and others will frequently use a
• Taxonomic Key
• A series of paired statements that describe
  physical characteristics.

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The seven levels of classification.

• Taxonomic Key Example Web site

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The Kingdoms

• There are a total of 6 Kingdoms for all life
  based on their cell type, ability to make food
  and cell number.

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The Kingdoms

• 1. Archaebacteria.
• 2. Eubacteria.
• 3. Protist.
• 4. Fungi.
• 5. Plants.
• 6. Animals.

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The Kingdoms

• 1. Archaebacteria
• Ancient Bacteria
• Unicellular Prokaryote
• Found in boiling hot vents.and you.
• autotrophs and heterotrophs

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http//commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/ImageColourful_
Thermophilic_Archaebacteria_Stain_in_Midway_Geyser
_Basin.jpg
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The Kingdoms

• 2. Eubacteria
• Unicellular Prokaryote
• Different cell chemistry from Archaebacteria
• autotrophs and heterotrophs

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http//www.emc.maricopa.edu/faculty/farabee/BIOBK/
84150f.jpg
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http//www.emc.maricopa.edu/faculty/farabee/BIOBK/
ecolism.gif
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The Kingdoms

• 3. Protist
• Mostly unicellular eukaryote
• Seaweeds and other colony organisms are
  exceptions
• autotrophs and heterotrophs

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http//www.fas.org/irp/imint/docs/rst/Sect20/param
ecium_stained.jpg
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http//ebiomedia.com/prod/ProtistsVideoDVD.html
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The Kingdoms

• 4. Fungi
• Mostly multicellular eukaryotes
• All are heterotrophs
• Mushrooms, molds and mildew.yuck

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http//www.bbc.co.uk/devon/content/image_galleries
/fungi_gallery.shtml
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http//www.bbc.co.uk/devon/content/image_galleries
/fungi_gallery.shtml
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http//lamington.nrsm.uq.edu.au/images/fungi/fungi
068.JPG
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http//www.sbioinformatics.com/images/Bassiana.jpg
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The Kingdoms

• 5. Plants
• All multicellular eukaryotes
• Autotrophs Yes I know, what about venus fly
  traps and such

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The Kingdoms

• There are about 9 Phylums (divisions) of plants.
  Moss, whiskferns, horsetails, ferns, cyads,
  maidenhair trees, pine trees, roses, and
  gnetophytes, which are cone-bearing desert
  plants.

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Bryophyta Moss
http//www-biol.paisley.ac.uk/bioref/Bryophyta/Pol
ytrichum_commune.html
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Phylum Psilotophyta
http//www.washjeff.edu/greenhouse/Pnudum/
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Sphenophyta horsetails
http//biology.clc.uc.edu/courses/bio106/mosses.ht
m
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Phylum Pterophyta ferns
http//biology.clc.uc.edu/courses/bio106/mosses.ht
m
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Phylum Cycads
http//botw.org/top/Science/Biology/Plants_and_Ani
mals/Plantae/Cycadophyta/
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phylum Ginkgophyta
http//www.biologyreference.com/Ep-Fl/Evolution-of
-Plants.html
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Coniferophyta
http//www.biology4kids.com/misc/coniferrepro.html
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Magnoliophyta (Angiospermae)
http//www.britannica.com/eb/art/print?id8446art
icleTypeId1
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The Kingdoms

• 6. Animals
• Well cover this in greater detail shortly