Shot Heard

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Shot Heard round the World
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Shot Heard round the World

• http//www.youtube.com/watch?vrZMmPWTwTHc

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Minutemen
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Minutemen

• Volunteer members of Mass.militia who kept their
  muskets at hand and were prepared to fight at a
  moments notice

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General Thomas Gage
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General Thomas Gage

• British commander
• Scouted out towns near Boston looking for arms
• Found arms in Concord 18 miles from Boston

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April 18, 1775

• 700 British troops quietly leave Boston to seize
  the colonial arms.
• Gage wanted to capture Sam Adams and John
  Hancock, important leaders in the Sons of
  Liberty. Gage found out that they were hiding
  out at a house in Lexington.

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Paul Reveres Famous Ride

• Two lamps hung in Old North Church by Robert
  Newman (British coming by sea)

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• Paul Revere (sea route), William Dawes (land
  route), and Dr. Samuel Prescott (was in
  Lexington) had to warn Adams, Hancock, the
  minutemen and Sons of Liberty members that the
  British regulars were coming.

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Battles of Lexington and Concord April 18-19, 1775
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On to Concord

• The three men get arrested by the British
• Prescott was the only rider to reach Concord.

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April 19 - Lexington.

• 100 militiamen under Captain Parker
• British outnumbered the militia and ordered them
  to go home. Some men begin to go home.
• Captain Parker wanted the minutemen to not back
  down. He said, Stand your ground dont fire
  unless fired upon, but if they mean to have a
  war, let it begin here.

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• Suddenly a shot rang out - no one knows which
  side fired
• Shot heard round the world - first shot fired in
  battle and started the American Revolution.
• Eventually, this shot led to a new nation

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• Battle of Lexington
• Result of brief battle 8 colonists died

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British Push on to Concord

• British found no arms and began to march back
  towards Boston.
• Bridge outside of Concord British see 300
  minutemen prepared to fight.
• British were forced to retreat - lost 73 men and
  200 soldiers were wounded or missing.

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Fighting Begins in the North
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Lexington and Concord

• News spreads quickly
• 10,000-15,000 militia rushed towards Boston

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Second Continental Congress

• Convenes in Philadelphia on June 10, 1775.
• Did not convene with the idea that they were
  going to split with England
• The fighting Spread

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Olive Branch Petition

• A petition sent to King George III.
• Declared loyalty to the King
• Asked him to repeal Intolerable Acts

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King George Reacts

• He thinks the colonists want to create
  independent empire
• Orders 20,000 more troops to region

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Green Mountain Boys

• Leader Ethan Allen(yes the furniture guy) really
  a blacksmithled a group from Vermont

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Ethan Allen
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LEADS AN ATTACK ON FORT TICONDEROGA
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Fort Ticonderoga

• Green Mountain Boys overpower guard on duty
• They rush to room where British commander is and
  Ethan Allen says Come out you old rat!

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• When asked by whose authority, he answers
• In the name of the Great Jehovah and the
  Continental Army!

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What they win

• Supply of cannons and gunpowder
• Control of a key route into Canada.

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Continental Army Forms

• Congress forms Continental Army in June
• Washington becomes commander
• He takes off for Boston

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Ps Advantages

• Many owned rifles and were good shots
• Good commanders like George Washington
• Determined to fight to defend their homes and
  property

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British Advantages

• Highly trained, experienced troops
• Best Navy in the World
• Many colonists supported British

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Ps Disadvantages

• Colonists poorly organized and untrained
• Few Cannons and little gunpowder
• No navy
• Few colonists willing to leave home militias and
  join Continental Army.

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British Disadvantages

• Armies 3,000 miles from home
• News and supplies took months to come from
  Britain
• British soldiers risked attacks outside cities.

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Loyalists

• Colonists who remained loyal to Britain
• Included wealthy merchants and former officials
  of Royal government

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Loyalists

• Some farmers and craftworkers also loyalists.
• Mostly from middle and South

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Loyalists

• Tarred and feathered by Ps
• Many fled to Canada, England, or to British
  controlled cities
• When they fled, they would lose their homes,
  farms, and stores

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Fight for Boston

• Battle of Bunker Hill

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Boston

• During the first year, 6000 British troops were
  located in Boston.
• Colonists surrounded the city, wouldnt let them
  out

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Battle of Bunker Hill

• On June 16, 1775, Colonel William Prescott led
  1,200 minutemen up Bunker Hill across river from
  Boston.
• Reason They could fire at British ships in
  Boston Harbor.

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Breeds Hill

• Prescott notices nearby Breeds Hill is better so
  he sends troops there
• British General William Howe sees the Americans
  at sunrise.

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Breeds Hill

• He ferries 2400 redcoats to attack rebels
  positions.
• As British approached, Patriots held their fire
• When they finally fired, the British were first
  to retreat.

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British Win

• The strategy of the Americans, because they were
  low on gun powder was not to fire until you see
  the whites of their eyes.
• After the third try, the British take Breeds
  Hill and Bunker Hill.

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Their high price for victory

• More than 1000 Redcoats were dead or wounded.
• Americans numbered 400 dead or wounded.

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RESULTS

• Battle of Bunker Hill first major battle of
  Revolutionary War
• American proved they could fight bravely.
• British proved they would not be defeated easily.

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George Washington Arrives

• Arrives in Boston a few weeks after battle of
  Bunker Hill.
• He quickly turns raw recruits into an army.
• Soldiers from different colonies mistrusted one
  another but Washington won loyalty of his troops

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Cannons Arrive

• In January 1776, the cannons arrive from Fort
  Ticonderoga.
• Washington places them in plain site overlooking
  Boston Harbor.

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British Depart

• General Howe moves his troops and 1,000 loyalists
  from Boston to Halifax, Canada in March.

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BLOCKADE

• King George III ordered a blockade of all
  colonial ports.
• The King uses mercenaries, or troops for hire,
  from Germany to help fight the colonists. They
  are called Hessians