The Rock Cycle and Changes in the Earth

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The Rock Cycle andChanges in the Earth
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The Rock Cycle and Changes in the Earth

• The Rock Cycle

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Rock Cycle
Sedimentary
Weathering
Weathering
Pressure
Melting
Pressure
Igneous
Metamorphic
Melting
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Properties of Rocks

• What properties of each type of rock
• did we observe?
• Igneous
• Sedimentary
• Metamorphic

may have large or small crystals can be shiny or
glassy can have air holes that allow it to float
on water.
have flat layers and may contain fossils they
are usually softer than other rocks and have
grains that can easily be scraped off the surface.
has crystals or grains that are in wavy layers.
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Examples of Types of Rocks

• What examples of each type
• of rock have we identified?
• Igneous Obsidian, Granite, Basalt, Pumice
• Sedimentary Sandstone, Limestone, Conglomerate,
  Shale
• Metamorphic Slate, Marble, Quartzite, Gneiss

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Rock Cycle
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How are rocks formed?

• Igneous forms when magma cools and becomes
  solid.
• Sedimentary forms when layers of sediment join
  together making a solid rock.
• Metamorphic forms when other rocks are heated
  and/or squeezed.

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Review of Terms

• Igneous rock formed when magma cools and
  becomes solid.
• Sedimentary - rock formed when sediment joins
  together becoming a solid rock.
• Metamorphic rock formed when rocks are heated
  and squeezed.

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Review of Terms

• Lava melted rock that flows out of the ground
  onto the Earths surface.
• Rock a solid mixture of minerals that was
  formed in the Earths crust.
• Mineral a solid natural material that has a
  crystal form and its own set of properties.
• Property a characteristic of a substance.

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Review of Terms

• Rock Cycle the process of creating and changing
  rocks.
• Weathering the process of breaking rock into
  smaller pieces by water, wind, plants, and sun.
• Melting the process of heating rock into a
  liquid.
• Pressure the process of squeezing rock.

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The Rock Cycle and Changes in the Earth

• Rocks and Minerals

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Compare and Contrast Rocks and Minerals

• How Rocks Minerals Are Different
• Rocks contain 2 or more minerals
• Minerals have only one mineral
• Minerals have own special properties

• How Rocks Minerals Are Alike
• Both are solid earth materials
• Both have crystals
• Both are made of minerals

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How did we Identify Minerals?

• Color a mineral may be one color or
• different colors.
• Luster how a minerals surface reflects light
• Hardness a mineral may be very hard or soft
• Streak the color of the mark when it is
• scraped on a white tile
• Magnetism the attraction of a mineral to a
• magnet

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Review of Terms

• Mineral a solid natural material that has a
  crystal form and its own set of properties
• Rock a solid mixture of minerals that was
  formed in Earths crust
• Property a characteristic of a substance.
• Properties include
  color, hardness,
• streak and magnetism.

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Review of Terms

• Color the color (s) contained in a rock
• Hardness the ability of a mineral to resist
  being scratched.
• Streak the color of the mark that a mineral
  makes when it is scraped on a white tile.
• Magnetism the ability of a rock to be attracted
  to a magnet.

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The Rock Cycle and Changes in the Earth

• Layers of the Earth

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Layers of the Earth

• Crust
• Mantle
• Core
• Inner core
• Outer Core

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Layers of the Earth

• Crust
• Outer most layer
• Thinnest layer of the earth
• Made of solid cool rock
• Constantly being reformed by erosion and
  deposition
• Composed of two types
• Continental
• Oceanic

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Layers of the Earth

• Mantle
• Made of melted rock
• Flows
• Moves the earths plates around
• When it bursts through the crust is called lava

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Layers of the Earth

• Core
• Outer Core
• Hot
• High pressure
• Molten metal
• nickel and iron
• Inner core
• Very hot
• Very High pressure
• Solid metal
• nickel and iron

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Review of Terms

• Crust the outer most layer of the earth. It is
  composed of solid, cool rock.
• Mantle the layer of the earth between the core
  and the crust. It is composed of melted rock.
• Core the center of the earth it is composed of
  iron and nickel. It has 2 parts the inner and
  outer core.
• Inner core Very center of the earth It is
  composed of solid metal because the pressure is
  so high.
• Outer core The layer of the core in between the
  mantle and the inner core. It is composed of
  liquid metals.

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The Rock Cycle and Changes in the Earth

• Changes
• in
• the
• Earth

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Ways the Earths Surface Changes

• Rapid Changes
• Volcanoes
• Earthquakes
• Tsunamis
• Landslides
• Floods

• Slow Changes
• Weathering
• Erosion
• Deposition
• Mountain Building

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Review of Terms

• Erosion a slow earth changing process that
  occurs when fragmented rock is removed by
  gravity, water, wind, or glacial ice.
• Deposition a slow earth changing process that
  occurs when fragmented rock that has eroded is
  dropped in a new place.
• Weathering a slow earth changing process that
  occurs when rock is broken down and worn away by
  rock by water, wind, ice, and plants.

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Review of Terms

• Mountain Building a slow earth changing process
  of pushing rock up to form mountains.
• Volcanoes a rapid earth changing process that
  occurs when hot melted rock from inside the earth
  (magma) is pushed up through the earths surface
  (lava).
• Earthquakes a rapid earth changing process that
  occurs when hugs slabs of the earths crust move
  against each other.

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Review of Terms

• Tsunami a rapid earth changing process that
  happens when an earthquake occurs on the ocean
  floor. It pushes water that becomes a large wave
  as it reaches the shore.
• Landslide a rapid earth changing process that
  occurs when gravity pulls rocks and gravel down a
  hill or mountain side.
• Flood a rapid earth changing process that occurs
  when water covers land that would otherwise be
  dry. It can wash away soil and deposits the soil
  in other places.

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Review of Terms

• Eruption the process by which solid, liquid, and
  gaseous materials are ejected into the earths
  atmosphere and onto the earths surface by
  volcanic activity
• Lava molten rock above ground
• Magma molten rock under ground
• Volcano a vent in the Earths crust from which
  molten rock, hot steam, and other materials may
  emerge